3. The Duffing equation describes a nonlinear oscillator with a nonlinear spring (energy storage component) and possibly a damping component: d²x dx +c +kx+Ex³ = f(t), where c, k and & are constants. 2 dt dt ; Chow that the Duffing equation fails to meet the requirements for a linear operator equation. ;. • Develop the general solution for the case where & =0 and f(t) = 0, and the initial conditions are x(0) = xo, dx/dt(0) = vo; and show why the approach will not work for the case when & #0. For the case where c = 0 and f(t) = 0, the homogeneous DE falls into one of the categories of second order ODE's that can be integrated using a transformation of variables. Using that transformation, carry the solution process as far as you can.

Elements Of Electromagnetics
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Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
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3. The Duffing equation describes a nonlinear oscillator with a nonlinear spring (energy
storage component) and possibly a damping component:
equation.
m
i
d²x
dt2 2
+c
dx
+ kx + εx³ = f(t), where c, k and & are constants.
dt
Chow that the Duffing equation fails to meet the requirements for a linear operator
Develop the general solution for the case where & =0 and f(t) = 0, and the initial
conditions are x(0) = xo, dx/dt(0) = vo; and show why the approach will not work for the
case when &#0.
For the case where c = 0 and f(t) = 0, the homogeneous DE falls into one of the
categories of second order ODE's that can be integrated using a transformation of variables.
Using that transformation, carry the solution process as far as you can.
Transcribed Image Text:3. The Duffing equation describes a nonlinear oscillator with a nonlinear spring (energy storage component) and possibly a damping component: equation. m i d²x dt2 2 +c dx + kx + εx³ = f(t), where c, k and & are constants. dt Chow that the Duffing equation fails to meet the requirements for a linear operator Develop the general solution for the case where & =0 and f(t) = 0, and the initial conditions are x(0) = xo, dx/dt(0) = vo; and show why the approach will not work for the case when &#0. For the case where c = 0 and f(t) = 0, the homogeneous DE falls into one of the categories of second order ODE's that can be integrated using a transformation of variables. Using that transformation, carry the solution process as far as you can.
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