3. When muscles are more active physiological conditions change to affect oxygen binding to Hemoglobin. Briefly describe the changes that occur and why this affects hemoglobin function. Draw the shifted curve on the graph above. A. What physiological conditions change during exercise (levels of what molecules are increasing/decreasing)?
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain, also known as the electron transport system, is a group of proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to create a gradient of protons that drives adenosine triphosphate (ATP)synthesis. The cell uses ATP as an energy source for metabolic processes and cellular functions. ETC involves series of reactions that convert redox energy from NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)) and FADH2(flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) oxidation into proton-motive force(PMF), which is then used to synthesize ATP through conformational changes in the ATP synthase complex, a process known as oxidative phosphorylation.
Metabolism
Picture a campfire. It keeps the body warm on a cold night and provides light. To ensure that the fire keeps burning, fuel needs to be added(pieces of wood in this case). When a small piece is added, the fire burns bright for a bit and then dies down unless more wood is added. But, if too many pieces are placed at a time, the fire escalates and burns for a longer time, without actually burning away all the pieces that have been added. Many of them, especially the larger chunks or damp pieces, remain unburnt.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the cellular process involved in the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules from the organic nutritional source obtained from the diet. It is a universal process observed in all types of life forms. The glucose (chemical formula C6H12O6) molecules are the preferred raw material for cell respiration as it possesses a simple structure and is highly efficient in nature.
3. When muscles are more active physiological conditions change to affect oxygen binding to Hemoglobin. Briefly describe the changes that occur and why this affects hemoglobin function. Draw the shifted curve on the graph above.
A. What physiological conditions change during exercise (levels of what molecules are increasing/decreasing)?
B. How do these molecules directly affect Hb’s structure ? What interactions does this stabilize ?
C. How do these interactions affect the affinity of Hb for O2? How would this affect the binding curve for Hb? Draw on the graph provided.
D. How will this shift in the binding curve affect the function of Hemoglobin ?
E.Where does the physiological pO2 in the tissues fall on the O2 binding curve ? In the lungs ? Why is this physiologically important?
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