4. In the regions far from the entrance, fluid flow through a circular pipe is one-dimensional, and the velocity profile for laminar flow is given by u(r) = Umax (1- r/R), where R is the radius of the pipe, r is the radial distance from the center of the pipe, and umax is the maximum flow velocity, which occurs at the centerline. Obtain (a) a relation for the drag force applied by the fluid on a section of the pipe of length L and (b) the value of the drag force of water flow at 20°C with R = 0.08m, L=15m and umax = 3m/s, and µ=0.0010 kg/m s. u(r) = Umax(1 – 72IR?) Umax

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Properties of Fluids

The term fluid represents a type of substance that can easily change its shape under any external pressure/force and can flow. Fluids can acquire any shape in which it is stored and can resist normal stresses but cannot resist shear stress in rest condition. Whenever external shear stress is applied to fluids, it starts to flow. The fluids may be liquid or gas. Example- water, air, etc.