Read the prompt and answer subquestions 4, 5, and 6 1. List 3 factors within the problem description that have contributed to thedevelopment of dehydration in Lacy. Format as a numbered or lettered list, witheach item on a separate line.2. Explain how caffeine's effect on the afferent arteriole will alter PGc and GFR.3. How will Lacy's Na* and water excretion be changed due to the caffeine ingestioncompared to without the caffeine ingestion? Explain.The following questions relate to the when Lacy is talking with her coacharound 3pm, and then awaiting the ambulance.4. Is Lacy's ECF osmolarity increased or decreased compared to normal? Explain.5. Is Lacy's ECF volume increased or decreased compared to normal? Explain.6. Is Lacy's blood pressure high or low compared to normal? Considering the 3variables that determine MAP, which one is the direct cause of the bloodpressure change. Explain the mechanism by which that particular variable waschanged, and then how the variable's change relates to a change in MAP? Lacy is a 15-year-old female who was scheduled to compete in 7 events at the schooltrack-and-field day. The sports meet was held on an unusually warm Saturday at theend of a cold winter: the early morning temp was a warmer than usual at 75°F, and byafternoon the temperature reached 98°F. In addition, there were dry, hot westerly windsand low humidity.Lacy was up late the night before the track meet watching movies. She slept throughher alarm and woke up in a panic. Lacy jumped out of bed and drank a big glass ofwater and ate a piece of toast. She feels so tired that even though she doesn't normallydrink many caffeinated beverages, she downs two cups of coffee (95 mg caffeine* percup) on the way to the school.During the morning Lacy drank two 12 oz. "energy drinks" (each containing 120 mg ofcaffeine per 12 oz) thinking that they would increase her stamina, speed and jumpingability. She did not drink any water, juice, or sports drinks (i.e., Gatorade or Powerade).Lacy kept having to run to the restroom to urinate during her 3 morning events; she wassurprised how often she had to go and how much she urinated. She was also sweatingduring the morning events due to the heat and exercise.Lacy didn't have lunch with her, so she grabbed a protein bar from the concession standfor lunch around 11:00 AM. She was feeling tired, so she also drank a diet cola (42more mg of caffeine) instead of water or juice or a sports drinks.Lacy's afternoon schedule of events was very busy, and she did not have time toconsume any other food or drink after about 11:15 am. She participated in 2 moreevents, then decided she should go to the restroom before the 800 m race at 2pm, eventhough she didn't feel like she really needed to, and she noticed that her urine was darkyellow in color and low volume. Lacy tried extra hard in the race but could not guiteperform at her usual standard. She also noticed that she didn't seem to be sweatingmuch during the event despite the hot temperatures.By 3:00 p.m. Lacy had one more event to go, but she was now feeling unwell. She toldher coach that she felt dizzy, tired, weak and had a headache and a dry mouth. Hercoach noticed that Lacy's skin was pale and dry, and her eyeballs appeared sunken.The coach asked Lacy about her food and beverage consumption and came to suspectthat Lacy was severely dehydrated. He noticed that she was having trouble standingand seemed to be swaying. The coach called for an ambulance to take her to thehospital.*Effects of caffeine on the kidney:(1) Caffeine is an adenosine receptor antagonist (blocker). In the kidneys,adenosine binds to adenosine receptors on the afferent arteriole; adenosine'snormal action via these receptors is to constrict the afferent arteriole.(2) Caffeine decreases Na* reabsorption in the proximal tubule, causing natriuresis(increased excretion of Na+).

Question

Read the prompt and answer subquestions 4, 5, and 6 1. List 3 factors within the problem description that have contributed to thedevelopment of dehydration in Lacy. Format as a numbered or lettered list, witheach item on a separate line.2. Explain how caffeine's effect on the afferent arteriole will alter PGc and GFR.3. How will Lacy's Na* and water excretion be changed due to the caffeine ingestioncompared to without the caffeine ingestion? Explain.The following questions relate to the when Lacy is talking with her coacharound 3pm, and then awaiting the ambulance.4. Is Lacy's ECF osmolarity increased or decreased compared to normal? Explain.5. Is Lacy's ECF volume increased or decreased compared to normal? Explain.6. Is Lacy's blood pressure high or low compared to normal? Considering the 3variables that determine MAP, which one is the direct cause of the bloodpressure change. Explain the mechanism by which that particular variable waschanged, and then how the variable's change relates to a change in MAP? Lacy is a 15-year-old female who was scheduled to compete in 7 events at the schooltrack-and-field day. The sports meet was held on an unusually warm Saturday at theend of a cold winter: the early morning temp was a warmer than usual at 75°F, and byafternoon the temperature reached 98°F. In addition, there were dry, hot westerly windsand low humidity.Lacy was up late the night before the track meet watching movies. She slept throughher alarm and woke up in a panic. Lacy jumped out of bed and drank a big glass ofwater and ate a piece of toast. She feels so tired that even though she doesn't normallydrink many caffeinated beverages, she downs two cups of coffee (95 mg caffeine* percup) on the way to the school.During the morning Lacy drank two 12 oz. &#34;energy drinks&#34; (each containing 120 mg ofcaffeine per 12 oz) thinking that they would increase her stamina, speed and jumpingability. She did not drink any water, juice, or sports drinks (i.e., Gatorade or Powerade).Lacy kept having to run to the restroom to urinate during her 3 morning events; she wassurprised how often she had to go and how much she urinated. She was also sweatingduring the morning events due to the heat and exercise.Lacy didn't have lunch with her, so she grabbed a protein bar from the concession standfor lunch around 11:00 AM. She was feeling tired, so she also drank a diet cola (42more mg of caffeine) instead of water or juice or a sports drinks.Lacy's afternoon schedule of events was very busy, and she did not have time toconsume any other food or drink after about 11:15 am. She participated in 2 moreevents, then decided she should go to the restroom before the 800 m race at 2pm, eventhough she didn't feel like she really needed to, and she noticed that her urine was darkyellow in color and low volume. Lacy tried extra hard in the race but could not guiteperform at her usual standard. She also noticed that she didn't seem to be sweatingmuch during the event despite the hot temperatures.By 3:00 p.m. Lacy had one more event to go, but she was now feeling unwell. She toldher coach that she felt dizzy, tired, weak and had a headache and a dry mouth. Hercoach noticed that Lacy's skin was pale and dry, and her eyeballs appeared sunken.The coach asked Lacy about her food and beverage consumption and came to suspectthat Lacy was severely dehydrated. He noticed that she was having trouble standingand seemed to be swaying. The coach called for an ambulance to take her to thehospital.*Effects of caffeine on the kidney:(1) Caffeine is an adenosine receptor antagonist (blocker). In the kidneys,adenosine binds to adenosine receptors on the afferent arteriole; adenosine'snormal action via these receptors is to constrict the afferent arteriole.(2) Caffeine decreases Na* reabsorption in the proximal tubule, causing natriuresis(increased excretion of Na+).

Accepted Answer

The body fluid is primarily water that comprises a variety of substances. 1. First Group of…