4. Suppose that there is a tax 7 on the sales of the firm, so that the firm only gets (1-7) times the quantity produced. The benefit of operating the capital stock for one period is now (1-7)-MPK. Use a variational argument as discussed in class to "derive" the new optimality condition of the firm which determines the target capital stock. Show graphically how an increase in the tax on capital will affect the optimal capital stock and hence investment.
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- What is a capital gain?Question: Common stock value – All growth models. Personal Finance Problem. You are evaluating thepotential purchase of a small business currently generating $40,000 of after-tax cash flow. Thecompany has $25,000 of Preferred Stock and $150,000 of debt.(FCF0 = $40,000). On the basis of a review of similar-risk investment opportunities, you must earn arate of return of Common stock value – All growth models. Personal Finance Problem. You are evaluating thepotential purchase of a small business currently generating $40,000 of after-tax cash flow. Thecompany has $25,000 of Preferred Stock and $150,000 of debt.(FCF0 = $40,000). On the basis of a review of similar-risk investment opportunities, you must earn arate of return of 9% on the proposed purchase. Because you are relatively uncertain about future cashflows, you decide to estimate the firm’s common stock value using three possible assumptions aboutthe growth rate of cash flows. 1. What is the firm's value if cash flows are expected…How would each of the following scenarios affect a firm's cost of debt, r d (l - t), t=tax rate; its cost of equity, rs; and its WACC? Indicate with an increase (I), a decreease (D), or no change (N) whether the factor would raise, lower, or have an indeterminate effect on the item in question. Assume for each answer that other things are held constant, even though in some instances this would probably not be true. rd (1-t) rs WACC 1) The corporate tax rate is lowered. 2) The Federal Reserve tightens credit. 3) The firm uses more debt; that is, it increases its debt ratio 4) The dividend payout ratio is increased.
- As and example of a possible investment restriction, an insurer mah only be allowed to invest up to 20 percent of its assets in common stock. What penalty is imposed upon the insurer that invests 30 percent of available assets in common stock?A. The additional 10 percent must be disposed of by year endB. The state regulators would impose a 10 percent fine on the insurer.C. The additional 10 percent would be a nonadmitted asset.D. The additional 10 percent would only be listed at cost.Refer question 1 and answer both the questios Question 1 Afrm raises capital to invest in a business project. The marginal revenue fromthe first 5 units of capital is: 1st unit has MR $1.64, 2nd unit has MR 1.41, 3rdunit has MR 1.30, 4th unit has MR 1.23, and 5th unit has MR 1.18. If the interestrate is 26%, what is the optimal amount of capital for this firm to borrow?O. 2O. 3O. 4O .5 Question 2 Consider the MR figures in Problem 1. If this firm borrows exactly 5 units ofcapital, what is the firm's total revenue?O. 6.05O. 6.76O. 6.89O. 7.14Firms A and B are identical except for their capital structure. A carries no debt, whereas B carries £60m of debt on which it pays a 5% interest rate. Assume no transaction costs, no taxes and risk-free debt. The relevant numbers are provided in the following table (in £ m): A B Value of Firm 100 120 Debt 0 60 Equity 100 60 Projected earnings before interest 12 12 Interest payment 0 3 Interest rate Not Applicable 5% Please answer the following questions a) "The situation described in the table is consistent with the absence of arbitrage opportunities". True or False (T/F)? b) Which one of the two firms is relatively overvalued (A/B)? c) "B's shares carry more risk than A's shares". True or False (T/F)? d) What is the return to an investor holding a 10% stake in B (in £ '000)? e) Consider an investor who wants to purchase a 20% stake in A. If he wished to replicate B's capital structure through homemade leverage,…
- Compute the price of a share of stock that pays a $5 peryear dividend and that you expect to be able to sell inone year for $40, assuming you require a 5% return7. Even if we can't exactly establish the actual cost of a stock out, in most cases we can still determine an appropriate level for safety stock. True False4. Ted Baxter runs a small, very stable newspaper company insouthern Oregon. The paper has been in business for 25 years.The total value of the firm’s capital stock is $1 million, which Tedowns outright. This year the firm earned a total of $250,000after out-of-pocket expenses. Without taking the opportunitycost of capital into account, this means that Ted is earning a25 percent return on his capital. Suppose that risk-free bondsare currently paying a rate of 10 percent to those who buy them.d. How much excess profit is Ted earning?
- 4. Ted Baxter runs a small, very stable newspaper company insouthern Oregon. The paper has been in business for 25 years.The total value of the firm’s capital stock is $1 million, which Tedowns outright. This year the firm earned a total of $250,000after out-of-pocket expenses. Without taking the opportunitycost of capital into account, this means that Ted is earning a25 percent return on his capital. Suppose that risk-free bondsare currently paying a rate of 10 percent to those who buy them.a. What is meant by the “opportunity cost of capital”?b. Explain why opportunity costs are “real” costs even thoughthey do not necessarily involve out-of-pocket expenses. c. What is the opportunity cost of Ted’s capital?d. How much excess profit is Ted earning?A Company's stock currently pays a dividend of $5 dollars per year and you expect that dividend to grow by 3% every year, forever, such that next year you expect the dividend to be 5.15, to be 5.3045 the year after that, and so on. If your discount rate is 9%, a fair price for this stock today is_____.If your discount rate were to fall to 7%, holding all else the same, the fair price of the stock would increase to_________.1.A firmâs external environment is divided into various subcategories that includeHintA.remote, social, and operationsB.industry, technology, and internalC.political, social, and industryD.remote, industry, and operating2.When managers consider the general availability of credit, the level of disposable income, and the propensity of people to spend, they are considering what factors?HintA.Social factorsB.Business factorsC.Political factorsD.Economic factors3.This factor considers or provides creative adaptations that can suggest possibilities for new products or for improvements in existing products or in manufacturing and marketing techniques.HintA.Industry factorB.Operations factorC.Sales factorD.Technological factor.The quasi-science of anticipating environmental and competitive changes and estimating their importance to an organizations operation refers toHintA.environmental scanningB.SWOT analysisC.business analysisD.technological forecasting5.This term refers to…