4.10. A 20-megahertz (MHz) carrier is frequency-modulated by a sinusoidal signal such that the maximum frequency deviation is 100 kHz. Determine the modulation index and the approximate bandwidth of the FM signal if the frequency of the modulating signal is (a)1 kHz, (b)100 kHz, and (c)500 kHz. Af = 100 kHz, f. = 20 MHz >fm

Q: Define and give the formula of an Effective area of the antenna with reference to gain?

A:

Q: 2. Compute for the EIRP for a transmitting power of 30W and an antenna gain of 45 dB.

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Q: Consider a transmitter with height of 30 meters sending a signal at a frequency of 500Mhz towards a…

A: The height of the transmitter (ht) is 30 meters. The frequency of the signal (f) is 500Mhz. The…

Q: Q5] Answer the following: a) Increasing the transmitter power of a radar by a factor of 5 will…

A: a) increasing the transmitter power of a radar by a factor of 5 will increase the maximum range by…

Q: ) What are the advantages and disadvantages of planar array antenna

A: Planar array antenna: An antenna in which all the elements, functional and parasitic, are in the…

Q: Increasing the transmitter power of a radar by a factor of 5 will increase the maximum range by what…

A: Given:- PT=Transmitted Power P'T=5PT

Q: A 105-MHz carrier is to be frequency modulated by a 3-kHz tone. The maximum frequency deviation is…

A: Given, Carrier frequency, fc=105 MHz Modulated frequency, fm=3 kHz Maximum frequency deviation is…

Q: Engineers plan to use a 2 x 10^9 Hz link with a 300 Hz bandwidth to communicate with a remote…

A: We need to find received power at given distance . We will also find out noise power then we will…

Q: meant by the resolution of an antenna? Also, explain what is meant by transverse elastic wave

A: To explain the resolution of an antenna and transverse elastic wave.

Q: The gain of an antenna is 25.5 dB. What will be the gain when expressed as a linear quantity

A: Given: The gain of an antenna is given as GdB=25.5 dB. The gain, when expressed as a linear…

Q: As communication engineer you are requested to design a radio communication system using parabolic…

A: It is given that: D=120cmfrequency=1800MHzinput power Pin=1 KWradiated power P=62 Wadiation…

Q: Find the maximum range of a tropospheric transmission if the height of the transmitting and the…

A: The maximum range of the tropospheric communication link depends on the height of the transmit and…

Q: 3. Determine the practical bandwidth of an FM signal modulated by a 15 kHz tone whose frequency…

A: Modulation index is deviation frequency/message frequency  m= 45/15 = 3

Q: the Radar Range Equation, Relates the power Pr (delivered to the receiver load) to the input power…

A: The radar range equation, relates the power Pr ( delivered to the receiver load) to the input power…

Q: 6. Consider a directional antenna that has a gain of 10 dB and radiates 20 Watts. How much power an…

A: EIRP is used to measure the effective power in one direction from an ideal isotropic source. The…

Q: Q5 B)) Derive the expression of the Bistatic radar equation.

A: Radar equation relates the range of the radar to the characteristics of transmitter , receiver ,…

Q: Q3/ Consider a radar system with P, -1,000,000 W GANT = 28 dB 1= 100 us Te - 200 K f= 10 GHz What is…

A: The unwanted part of signal is called noise. Noise is equal to standard deviation of signal.…

Q: 4.67. A vertical, infinitesimal in length (I = 1/50), monopole is placed on top of a police car, and…

A: It is given that: l=λ50f=10 MHzPrec=10μwatts

Q: A lossless antenna, with input impedance of Z4=(30 + j40) is connected to a transission line whose…

A: Solution-The given values are as follows.ZA=30+j40zo=50 ohmsU=Bosin2θ

Q: In line-of-sight radio system, losses are mainly due to free space path loss (FSPL). FSPL is…

A:

Q: 4. A boat is equipped with a VHF marine radio which it uses to communicate with other nearby boats…

A:

Q: Use the radar equation from Chapter 2 to solve the following problem. For a radar with a 100 kW peak…

A: Given data,Transmitter peak power (Pt) =100 kWAntenna gain = 30dBNoise figure = 4dBLosses =…

Q: The effect of rain attenuation at high frequencies is minimized if vertical polarization is used.…

A: The attenuation in the communication process which is caused by rain is known as rain attenuation…

Q: Q4 / If 65 watts transmitter power is applied to a unity gain antenna with a 900 MHz carrier…

A: Following Data is given in the question Transmitted ower =60 W Carrier Frequency = 900 MHz…

Q: The audio power of the human voice is concentrated at about 300 Hz. Antennas of the appropriate size…

A:

Q: What are the near field and far field of an antenna? What are their major differences?

A: Although characteristics of transmitted electromagnetic waves is function of  distance from antenna…

Q: 1. A 1500-kHz carrier and kHz intelligence signal are combined in a nonlin-ear device. List all the…

A: “Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: 2) If a transmitter produces 50 W of power, express the transmit power in unit of a) dBW and dBm. b)…

A:

Q: A satellite transmitter operates at 4 GHz with an antenna gain of 40 dBi. The receiver 40,000 km…

A: satellite transmitter is a communication satellite using radio wave it send signal to antenna of…

Q: What are the applications of Yagi-Uda antenna array?

A: The explanation is as follows.

Q: 2- According to your understanding and in your own words, discuss the importance of knowing the…

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Q: What will be the directive gain of an isotropic antenna?

A: The directive gain (D) of any antenna can be expressed as D=4πΩA--->(1) where ΩA is the beam…

Q: A carrier (fc = 100 MHZ, A, = 25V) is frequency modulated by the sine wave (fm = 8 kHz, Am = 3V)…

A:

Q: Impedance 600 400 200 -200 400 -600 Resistance Reactance -800 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120…

A: It is given that the given impedance (characteristic) should be match with the coaxial cable…

Q: The directivity of the infinitesimal (ideal dipole) is equal to the directivity of short dipole,…

A: The concentration of an antenna's radiation pattern in a certain direction is measured by…

Q: Derive the array factor equation for uniform and non-uniform planar array antenna.

A: We have given the following problem Derive the array factor equation for uniform and non-uniform…

Q: 4. The power density radiated by an isotropic antenna is given by the relation: a) P;/4tR? b) P/4R?…

A: An isotropic radiator is a special type of antenna which radiates in all possible directions…

Q: Determine frequency the fade margin for the following conditions: distance between sites, D = 40…

A: In wireless communication, when a signal is transmitted from one location to another, the signal…

Q: As communication engineer you are requested to design a radio communication system using parabolic…

A: Given, a parabolic dish antenna having Diameter, D = 120 cm Frequency, f = 1800 MHz Input power, Pin…

Q: Example 4.3. Determine the frequency deviation and carrier swing for a frequency-modulated (FM)…

A: Modulation is process by which some properties of carrier signal is varied according to modulating…

Q: The directivity of the infinitesimal (ideal dipole) is equal to the directivity * of short dipole,…

A: The directivity of an antenna is the ratio of maximum radiation intensity to the average radiation…

Q: (a) Express the transmit power in units of dBW (decibel-watt) and dBm (decibel- milliwatt). (b) If…

A:

Q: Consider a cellular system with operating frequencies around fc = 700 MHz, under the free-space path…

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Q: If the natural frequency of a PLL is 5 MHz, and the upper pull-in range is 5.1 MHz, determine the…

A: Given, Natural frequency of PLL is f0= 5MHz. Upper pull-in range (fP) = 5.1MHz

Q: What are the applications of planar array antennas?

A:

Antenna Characteristics

The antenna is an important concept in the domain of electronics and communication engineering. An antenna forms an integral part of many commonly used devices such as wireless modems, routers, game controllers, mobile phones, bluetooth devices, and so on. In simple terms, any wireless communication makes use of antennas to serve the purpose. An antenna, also known by the term 'arial', is an electrical device that converts electrical signals into electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic waves into electrical signals. An antenna contains a transmission line usually made up of co-axial cable, it then receives the signals and converts them into electromagnetic waves, which are then transmitted via space into their required destination. A communication system essentially makes use of two antennas, a transmission antenna, which converts electrical signals into electromagnetic waves, and a receiving antenna, which receives the electromagnetic waves and converts them back into electrical signals.