5. Find the acceleration of our galaxy, the Milky Way, due to the nearest comparably sized galaxy, the Andromeda galaxy (see figure below). The approximate mass of cach galaxy is 800 billion solar masses (a solar mass is the mass of our Sun), and they are separated by 2.5 million light-years. (Note that the mass of Andromeda is not so well known but is believed to be slightly larger than our galaxy.) Each galaxy has a diameter of roughly 100,000 light-years (1 light-year = 9.5 × 1015 m). *The mass of the Sun is 2.0 × 1030 kg and a light-year is the distance light travels in one year, 9.5 × 1015 m .

5. Find the acceleration of our galaxy, the Milky Way, due to the nearest comparably sized galaxy, the Andromeda galaxy (see figure below). The approximate mass of cach galaxy is 800 billion solar masses (a solar mass is the mass of our Sun), and they are separated by 2.5 million light-years. (Note that the mass of Andromeda is not so well known but is believed to be slightly larger than our galaxy.) Each galaxy has a diameter of roughly 100,000 light-years (1 light-year = 9.5 × 1015 m). *The mass of the Sun is 2.0 × 1030 kg and a light-year is the distance light travels in one year, 9.5 × 1015 m .

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Description: 5. Find the acceleration of our galaxy, the Milky Way, due to the nearest comparablysized galaxy, the Andromeda galaxy (see figure below). The approximate mass ofeach galaxy is 800 billion solar masses (a solar mass is the mass of our Sun), andthey

University Physics Volume 1

18th Edition

ISBN:9781938168277

Author:William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny

Publisher:William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny

Chapter13: Gravitation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 42P: Astronomical observatrions of our Milky Way galaxy indicate that it has a mass of about 8.01011...

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In what frame(s) of reference are Kepler's laws valid? Are Kepler's laws purely descriptive, or do they contain causal information?
Show that the velocity of a star orbiting its galaxy in a circular orbit is inversely proportional to the square root of its orbital radius, assuming the mass of the stars inside its orbit acts like a single mass at the center of the galaxy. You may use an equation from a previous chapter to support your conclusion, but you must justify its use and define all terms used.
Astronomical observations of our Milky Way galaxy indicate that it has a mass of about 8.1011 solar masses. A star orbiting on the galaxy's periphery is about 6.0104 light years from its center. (a) What should the orbital period of that star be? (b) If its period is 6.0107 instead, what is the mass of the galaxy? Such calculations are used to imply the existence of "dark matter" in the universe and have indicated, for example, the existence of very massive black holes at the centers of some galaxies.
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Find the Hohmann transfer velocities, vEllipseEarth and vEllipseMars ,needed for a trip to Mars. Use Equation 13.7 to find the circular orbital velocities for Earth and Mars. Using Equation 13.4 and the total energy of the ellips (with semi-major asix a), given by E=GmMs2a , find the velocities at Earth (perihelion) and at Mars (aphelion) required to be on the transfer ellipse. The difference, v , at each point is the velocity boost or transfer velocity needed.
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