5. QPSK is a modulation scheme where each symbol consists of a. 4 bits b. 2 bits c. 1 bits d. M number of bits, depending upon the requirement
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- Write a VHDL code for 4:1 multiplexer using conditional concurrent signal assignmentPlease show a two-terminal general modulation channel model. And for the random parameter channel, what is the main effect on signal transmission?Define the following conceptsa. Positive modulation percentageb. Modulation efficiencyc. Signal strengthd. At least one technique for building an AM transmitter.
- A. If the probability of error of BPSK is 0.85 then Pe of BFSK is? B. What happens to the radio wave propagation when the rouefractive index of ionospheric layer becomes low or high? C. If the number of quantization levels are multiplied by four time them how many numbers of bits are added to the actual number? D. What is the disadvantage of wave tilt? E. What is a bipolar line coding technique with phase encoding, and explain why it is named as phase encoding method? F. What is oblique communication circuit? G. What are the differences between DPCM and Delta Modulation? H. What is the change in bandwidth when channel capacity is doubled and two number of bits are increased?Exxplain the rellation between BER and E/N_0, where E is the energy per bit,N_0 is the noise spectral density, BER is the bit error rate. What is the reason for usign channel coding?Fora standard SSBSC carrier AM, the peak unmodulated carrier peak voltage is 10 V for a load resistance of 10 ohms and modulation index of 1. What will be the total transmitted power?
- The number of bits per sample in a PCM system has SNqR=45 dB is?3. Which of the following is a key characteristic of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing?A. Amplitude modulationB. Noise performanceC. Digital modulationD. Spectral efficiencySketch the Bipolar RZ Voltage encoding on a classic Ethernet for the bit stream0001110101.
- Explain the QPSK modulation challenges and problems.Q1:make a comparison between PAM and PPM? Q2: Draw a map of Pluse modulation types? Q3: How to generate the PPM?The output signal from a conventional AM modulator is?(?) = 4 cos(3600??) + 24 cos(4000??) + 4 cos(4400??)1. Determine the modulated signal m(t) and the carrier c(t).2. Determine the modulation index.3. Determine the power in the sidebands and the power of the carrier.