5. What messages does a gene provide? And how is the language of the gene expressed?

Q: geneticist happens upon a gene in humans that is not functional and is not currently being expressed

A: Pseudogenes are those which are present in the genome till now but do not perform any function.

Q: 7) Describe in detail the mechanism by which the major spliceosome removes introns from pre-mRNA…

A: Spliceosome is a complex small nuclear RNA protein molecule also called snRNA that helps to remove…

Q: Why is RNA necessary to act as a messenger? Why can't the code be taken directly from the DNA? How…

A: Introduction: RNA is a single-stranded molecule that is present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm,…

Q: 2. Define the term maternal effect genes, and explain whythe protein products of some of these genes…

A: The pattern of body development in terms of segmentation is a morphological growth in animals from…

Q: . Why doesn't having a gene variant associated with a particular illness or disorder guarantee a…

A: Genes are DNA structures found in chromosomes. The structure of our genes governs how our bodies…

Q: 4. What is the use of miRNAs in the cell? Please discuss the effect of a mutant Argonaute protein on…

A: RNA (ribonucleic acid) is a polymer of nucleotides that is composed of pentose sugar, a nitrogen…

Q: 3. Differentiate between genetic and environmental variations.

A: Introduction :- In genetics, variation refers to an individual who differs from others of his or her…

Q: 9. Evaluate if the following statement is true or false. Justify your answer: A woman with BRCA1…

A: BRCA1 gene is the caretaker gene present in humans that codes for breast cancer type 1…

Q: 7 How mutations in a gene can affect itsexpression?

A: sudden and inheritable changes that occur in the DNA are called mutations. these changes are carried…

Q: 1. How does the idea of the 4D genome help explain normal orderly human cellular and organismal…

A: Genome is a organism's entire and complete set of genetic instructions.

Q: 5. Which word describes the majority of permanent genetic mutations? a. Helpful b. Minor c.…

A: Mutation in a gene is a permanent alteration in the sequence of the DNA that makes up a gene so that…

Q: Paracrine regulation of homeostasis means      a. a cell is altering its own genetic response…

A: Introduction Hormones play important role in normal physiology in our body. They control various…

Q: 3. What are the benefits of using adult stem cells rather than fetal stem cells?

A: Adult stem cells are harvested from a adult person's blood, fat, or bone marrow. Fetal stem cells…

Q: Explain the importance of gene therapy in the future

A: Genetic information is present in the DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules, making up the…

Q: . Explain the process of transcription in cells?

A: The central dogma of molecular biology, given by Dr. Francis Crick states that the information…

Q: 2. A single human body cell typically contains thousands of structures that contain information. How…

A: A single human body cell typically contains thousand of structure that contain information. How…

Q: 1. How are genes inserted into the cancer cells? 2. What is the most common form of gene therapy? 3.…

A: 1. With the help of small glass pipette, a solution having new DNA is pricked into the cell. This…

Q: In what mechanisms can genetic information be altered? What are the consequences of these changes?

A: Alteration or changes in genetic information is called mutation. Mutation can be spontaneous or it…

Q: How the cargo of INS gene product is shuttle between ER and Cis Golgi Complex (CGC) ?

A: Introduction  Endomembrane system establishes the network between some specialized organelles which…

Q: (1) Explain how cells in the rabbit embryo become specialised after epigenetic modification.

A: The “epigenetic modification” deals with the changes of phenotypes that are heritable. This type of…

Q: Briefly explain the mechanism of gene flow.

A: There are three main mechanisms that cause allele frequencies to change -  Natural selection…

Q: How might transposons be utilized to hereditarily design Drosophila?..

A: In genetics, the set of procedures used to do genetic modification in an organism through the…

Q: 1 How Are Genes Transcribed in Bacteria?

A: Bacteria transcription is considered as the process, in which newly synthesized RNA (mRNA) is…

Q: What types of behaviours or environmental circumstances can lead to changes in an individual’s…

A: Introduction  Epigenetics is the study of how our behaviour and environment can influence how our…

Q: What is the genetic event/process that enables antibiotic resistance to occur?

A: Antibiotics are basically the drugs that are used against the microorganism especially the bacteria…

Q: 5. Describe in detail the procedure used in the investigation of lethal and mutagenic effects of UV…

A: UV radiation does not always result in direct DNA mutations. UV-A light, in fact, frequently…

Q: 9. Explain how a small amount of growth factor can mediate an amplified signal inside the cytoplasm…

A: Signal transduction pathways translate signals received at the cell's surface into cellular…

Q: 14. What are the two types of gene therapy?

A: Gene therapy is defined as a novel procedure of introducing desired genes in human body through…

Q: 6. The starting scquence of a gene changed from AUGTTCGACGTG, to AUGTTTTCGACGTG What type of…

A: 1)Question asked: What the mutation is ?  Answer: The type of mutation present in the given example…

Q: 4. Write a short paragraph on mutations and how they may alter protein synthesis and function.

A: Introduction :- A mutation is a change in the genetic material in biology. This refers to changes in…

Q: 1. What is RNA? And, how is RNA modified?  2. What are the 3 major steps involved in mRNA…

A: Ribonucleic acid is a molecule similar to DNA. Unlike DNA, RNA is single-stranded.

Q: 6. How did the back mutation in hisG affect the protein produced by this gene?

A: Back Mutation:- Back mutation is defined as the type of mutation which causes reversal. It is a…

Q: 4 Draw a map showing the order of the genes that enter the F- cell for the figure on the right. Hfr

A: The plasmid mapping is given in the figure. The F- is the recipient cell.

Q: 1. What values are at odds in the controversy about the use of fetal stem cell in research? How does…

A: Stem cells are the types of cells that has the potential to grow into different types

Q: 1. How is PKD inherited? What gene is responsible for the expression of PK enzyme ?

A: Pyruvate kinase deficiency is an inherited lack of the pyruvate kinase, that gets used by red blood…

Q: 1. Activation of which transcription factor initiates the production of the antiviral type I IFNS? O…

A: The Central Dogma theory states that DNA makes DNA through Replication. DNA makes RNA through…

Q: 1. What are oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes? How are they involved in carcinogenesis? What is…

A: To explain: To explain about oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, carcinogenesis, and the relation…

Q: 6. Suppose a particular gene is required for early development and also later for development of a…

A: Mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker is a technique used to create homozygous mutant…

Q: 5) A family has a newborn child with genetic disorder ABC, you want to confirm that the patient in…

A: Chromatogram:  this is also called as electrophorogram. Electrophorogram is a visual representation…

Q: 5. In what mechanisms can genetic information be altered? What are the consequences of these…

A: Mutations are sudden heritable change in the DNA sequence that alters the amino acids and then the…

Q: ase describe the structural components of a gene?

A: Genes specify the structure of proteins that ar liable for the phenotype related to a selected gene.…

Q: 5. A new mutation that arose in one copy of gene X in a somatic cell resulted in the formation of a…

A: Mutation is change that occurs in our DNA sequence, either due to mistakes when DNA is copied or the…

Q: 1. Define gene expression. 2. Why must gene expression be regulated?

A: Gene expression is basically the expression of phenotype in an organism, using the information of…

Q: 2. Write the base sequence of the hnRNA formed by transcription of the following DNA base sequence.…

A: hnRNA is also called as the heteronuclear RNA. Its synthesis is catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.…

Q: Why is folate recommended on pregnant women? Connect this to epigenetics.

A: Introduction Nutrients are important for overall growth and development of the organisms. These are…

Q: 3. Where does transcription specifically take place in the cell? 4. Where does translation…

A: 3. The process of transfer of genetic information from DNA to mRNA (messanger RNA) is called…

Q: (2) Design an experiment on how would molecular genetic tools, such as DNA microarrays, be used to…

A: DNA microarray is a molecular technique used to compare the expression of many genes simultaneously.…

Q: 14. Complete the following table, which compares late-stage gene regulation mechanisms.

A: The 'Central Dogma' is a process of converting DNA information to RNA, which results in a protein,…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.