What is the answer of the question number 8,9 and 10? 8. All of the human cells have the same 46 chromosomes, so they have the samegenes so how do different cells have different proteins, enzymes, structures andfunctions?9. Multiple mechanisms regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. What are themechanisms that control the gene expression in nucleus and what are themechanisms that control the gene expression in cytoplasm. (names notdefinitions)10. If the mRNA codes for amino acids are universal and all species on earth use thesame codes then why do they look different? (Why do they have differentphysical traits and phenotypes?)

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Answered: 8. All of the human cells have the same…

8. All of the human cells have the same 46 chromosomes, so they have the same genes so how do different cells have different proteins, enzymes, structures and functions?

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter19: Genomes And Proteomes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6TYK

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Learning and memory

Learning is defined as a relatively permanent and irreversible adaptive change in behavior. It always results from experience. The ability of an organism to store and recall the effects, sensations, and knowledge gained through learning and experience is called memory.

Question

What is the answer of the question number 8,9 and 10?

8. All of the human cells have the same 46 chromosomes, so they have the same
genes so how do different cells have different proteins, enzymes, structures and
functions?
9. Multiple mechanisms regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. What are the
mechanisms that control the gene expression in nucleus and what are the
mechanisms that control the gene expression in cytoplasm. (names not
definitions)
10. If the mRNA codes for amino acids are universal and all species on earth use the
same codes then why do they look different? (Why do they have different
physical traits and phenotypes?)

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Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at which level(s)? only the transcriptional level epigenetic and transcriptional levels epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational levels epigenetic, transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational and posttranslational levels
A major difference between hereditary information in eukaryotes and prokaryotes is: a. in prokaryotes, the hereditary information is distributed among individual, linear DNA molecules in the nucleus. b. in eukaryotes, the hereditary information is encoded in a single, circular DNA molecule. c. in prokaryotes, the hereditary information is usually distributed among multiple circular DNA molecules in the cytoplasm. d. in eukaryotes, the hereditary information is distributed among individual, linear DNA molecules in the cytoplasm. e. in eukaryotes, the hereditary information is distributed amoung individual, linear DNA molecules in the nucleus.
How do pseudogenes differ from genes? a. They are not transcribed. b. They contain longer open reading frames (ORFs). c. They do not have introns. d. They use a different genetic code. e. Their protein-coding sequence contains more than one startcodon.
4) The fact that splicing is a strategy to optimize the use of the genome in eukaryotes is evidenced in C. elegans, which with 20,000 genes can synthesize more than 20,000 proteins. True or false 7) The mutation in the myostatin protein that results in mice with hypertrophied muscles results from a premature stop codon that results in a truncated (shorter than necessary) protein that loses its function of stopping cell division of muscle cells. What post-transcriptional quality control mechanisms fail here? (two apply) a) polyadenylation b) NMD c) splicing d) capping e) methylation 10) The nuclear transplant experiment results in: a) KO or knockout b) transgenic organisms c) RNAi (interference) d) animal cloning
5. While exploring the human genome, a geneticist happens upon a gene in humans that is not functional and is not currently being expressed. This gene appears to be similar to the genes found in modern monkeys that cause tail formation. The most likely explanation for this gene in humans is Group of answer choices a. The gene is lying in wait for when it will be needed and then activated when the opportunity arises b. The gene is a conserved gene that serves an essential function in modern humans c. Humans are likely evolving a tail, and the gene will be expressed in the future d. The gene Is a random mutation of no significance e. The gene is a pseudogene leftover from when human ancestors had a tail
9. Which one of the following histones is a component of the core particle? A. H1 B. H2A C. H2B D. H5 E. H4 10. Which of the following statements about pseudogenes are true? a. They contain stop codons. b. They are not transcribed c. They are not translated d. They could eventually be lost from the genome by deletion or other mechanism. e. They could evolve into new genes with different functions
4. It is known that RNA is a nucleic acid responsible for the synthesis of proteins. However, there is another nucleic acid alongside RNA: DNA. What role does the latter play in relation to RNA? a) RNA is synthesized in the cell in case too large a mutation damages the DNA. b) DNA has the reproductive genetic code of all cells and passes it on to RNA. c) DNA directs the synthesis of enzymes, while RNA synthesizes proteins. d) DNA synthesizes RNA according to a blueprint that includes the guidelines necessary for the structure of proteins.
1. Which of the following ensures that most genes on one X chromosome are not expressed in female animal cells? a.Knockout b.Circadian rhythm c.Repressors d,X chromosome inactivation 2. Which of the following is a function of histones in the process of gene expression? a.They wrap or unwind DNA and affect which DNA regions are accessible to RNA polymerase. b.They transport mRNA to key regions in the cytoplasm. c.They bind to DNA to increase or decrease transcription. d.They modify newly transcribed mRNA sequences.
1. Which of the following statements about the flow of genetic information is correct?A. Translation occurs prior to transcription during protein synthesis.B. During translation, the DNA template is converted to amino acids by the ribosomes.C. During transcription, the DNA template is converted to an RNA molecule by the enzyme RNA polymerase.D. Eukaryotic mRNA needs to be transported to the cytoplasm before the protein products are synthesized. 2. What is the main difference in the cell wall composition between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?A. Eukaryotic cell wall is mainly composed on sugar molecules while prokaryotic cell wall has both sugars and amino acids.B. Prokaryotic cell wall is mainly composed on sugar and lipid molecules while eukaryotic cell wall has both sugars and amino acidsC. Prokaryotic cell wall is mainly composed on sugar molecules while eukaryotic cell wall has both sugars and amino acids.D. Eukaryotic cell wall is mainly composed on sugar and lipid molecules while…
4. Assuming the translation product is an enzyme, explain its role in the final expression of a phenotype.
1. What sequences form most of the human genome? What is their significance in the expression of genes?
1. You are studying a variant in a gene controlling wing development, Wng, in Drosophila. Using analysis software, you can see that the variant changes the protein product’s amino acid sequence, but homozygotes for this variant express a WNG protein that functions normally. Which term best describes the effect of this variant? conditional mutation gain of function mutation loss of function mutation neutral mutation synonymous mutation 2. In base excision repair, Photolyase breaks bonds between pyrimidines & Purines Single-stranded binding proteins are used to stabilize the unwound helix. Mut H recognizes the demythylated state, and removes the base DNA Glycolase removes the damaged nitrogenous base 3. Aneuploidy is a change in the number of individual chromosomes. Which of the following is not an example of aneuploidy? Nullisomy Trisomy Monosomy Polysomy Tetrasomy