A 1.2 meter-thick strata of sand has a void ratio of 1.81. A contractor passes a vibratory roller over these strata, which densifies it and reduces its void ratio to 1.23. If the moisture content remains the same unchanged, compute the thickness of the sand after compaction

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.