A 55-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician with a 2-day history of oozing, foul-smelling wound on her foot. Physical examination shows a 4-cm, necrotizing wound on the heel with purplish black discoloration of the skin around the wound, and crepitant bullae producing thin, serous fluid. A Gram stain of tissue biopsy from the site shows gram-positive rods. Which of the following toxins is produced by the most likely causal organism? Answers A-E Alpha toxin B Endotoxin C Exfoliative toxin D Exotoxin A E Panton Valentine toxin
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- Write the most likely causative microorganism and disease of the following cases and explain sign, symptoms and control measures. Your patient is a 20-year-old woman with the sudden onset of fever to 40 0C and a severe headache. Physical examination reveals nuchal rigidity. You suspect meningitis and do a spinal tap. Gram stain of the spinal fluid reveals many neutrophils and many gram-negative diplococci. A 25-year-old woman with itching, burning at vulva and abnormal white vaginal discharge. Yeasts was observed by microscopic examination of vaginal secretions. Meningitidis developed in the newborn baby within 5 days after birth. While the mother of baby was pregnant, she was consuming unpasteurized milk products . A male patient has a wound infection with blue-greenish colored pus and special smell. This bacteria is gram negative, rod shaped and non- fermentative. A 70-year-old woman presented after 3 days of enduring painful blisters only on the right side of her…In bone marrow culture, immobile, non-hemolyzed, oxidase, catalase, and urease positive gram negative cocobacillar were detected. Which of the following is the most likely factor in this patient?a) Legionella pneumophilab) Brucella mellitensisc) Bordetella bronchisepticad) Salmonella typhimuriume) Stenotrophomonas maltophiliaA 52-year-old woman presents with a localized swelling and purulent abscess in her right hand and enlarged lymph nodes in her axial region (under the armpit). She sustained a small puncture wound while replanting rose bushes 1 week earlier. She has repeatedly cleaned and dressed the wound with antibiotic treatment with no success. The physician collects an aspirate from the abscess, Gram stain reveals Gram-positive cocci in clusters. Laboratory data follow: Catalase: Positive Coagulase: Latex positive What culture media would be appropriate for culture and identification of the suspected isolate? Why?
- A 52-year-old woman presents with a localized swelling and purulent abscess in her right hand and enlarged lymph nodes in her axial region (under the armpit). She sustained a small puncture wound while replanting rose bushes 1 week earlier. She has repeatedly cleaned and dressed the wound with antibiotic treatment with no success. The physician collects an aspirate from the abscess, Gram stain reveals Gram-positive cocci in clusters. Laboratory data follow: Catalase: Positive Coagulase: Latex positive What culture media would be appropriate for culture and identification of the suspected isolate? Why? BBL, MSA What antibiotics would be used to treat this infection? Could there be any treatment problems with this isolate?A 5 years-old child died from severe septic shock, circulatory collapse following a sudden onset of fever, severe headache and vomiting. The causative agent was isolated from blood and CSF and was Gram-negative that was also identified by latex agglutination. What is the most important virulence factor involved in disease production by the above bacteria?A 78-year-old man is brought to the emergency department. For the last several days he has had fatigue, malaise, fever, and a productive cough. A chest radiograph shows consolidation in the right lower lobe. A Gram stain of the sputum shows a predominance of gram-positive cocci in pairs and chains. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the likely prognosis for this patient?
- Clinical history: A 33-year-old female dairy farmer develops a severe headache and neck stiffness. On physical examination, her temperature is 38.2°C. She has no papilledema. A lumbar puncture is performed, and a Gram stain of the CSF obtained shows many short, gram-positive rods. Photo includes CSF stain with short gram-positive rods. Why was the CSF obtained? What are the dangers with collecting this type of specimen? What tests would you run? Does the fact that the patient was a dairy farmer give anything of value to the diagnosis? What is the most likely diagnosis and treatment? No references, just homework Please include referencesA patient with AIDS is hospitalized with symptoms of high fever and rigidity of the neck. Routine laboratory tests on the CSF show a WBC count of 100/m L with a predominance of lymphocytes and monocytes, glucose of 55 mg/dL (plasma: 85 mg/dL), and a protein of 70 mg/dL. The Gram stain shows a questionable starburst pattern. Questions: a. What additional microscopic examination should beperformed?b. If the test is positive, what is the patient’s diagnosis?c. If the results of the test are questionable, what additionaltesting can be performedAn 18-year-old male went to the emergency room after experiencing intense and sudden headaches, vomiting, diarrhea, stiff neck, achy joints, and a skin rash. He was quarantined after telling his physician that he had recently taken care of a dead relative who suffered the same symptoms. The laboratory results are as follows: Direct Microscopic Examination: Diplococci that are pink after G/S SBA: medium-sized, gray, and convex that is mucoid Carbohydrate utilization test: Glucose (+); Lactose (-); Maltose (+) Platelet count: 7,000/uL Prothrombin time: 20 seconds Partial thromboplastin time: 38 seconds Fibrinogen level: 100 mg/dL D-dimer: 20,000 ng/mL QUESTION: What do you think is the medical condition of the patient? Justify
- An 18-year-old male went to the emergency room after experiencing intense and sudden headaches, vomiting, diarrhea, stiff neck, achy joints, and a skin rash. He was quarantined after telling his physician that he had recently taken care of a dead relative who suffered the same symptoms. The laboratory results are as follows: Direct Microscopic Examination: Diplococci that are pink after G/S SBA: medium-sized, gray, and convex that is mucoid Carbohydrate utilization test: Glucose (+); Lactose (-); Maltose (+) Platelet count: 7,000/uL Prothrombin time: 20 seconds Partial thromboplastin time: 38 seconds Fibrinogen level: 100 mg/dL D-dimer: 20,000 ng/mL 1. What do you think is the medical condition of the patient? Justify your answer.A 30-year-old rancher was admitted to a hospital on February 12 because of a two-day history of headache, chills, and 40 degree Celsius fever. Before he was admitted, he began vomiting. During his admission it was found out that he has an orange-sized swelling in the left axilla. A laboratory analysis was administered using lymph-node aspirate and smear of peripheral blood, the result was reported to contain gram-positive cocci, often in pairs. Due to this situation he was given cefoxitin. The patient was acutely ill. Within a few hours of admission, he had a cardiopulmonary arrest. During resuscitation efforts, he vomited and aspirated his vomitus; a chest X-ray showed bilateral infiltrate. The patient was also bled from several body sites. Six hours after admission the patient died. Based on data given, the patient had trapped, killed, and skinned 3 kit foxes, 4 coyotes, and 1 bobcat. The patient cut his left hand shortly before skinning the bobcat on February 7. After his death,…A 7-year-old child was brought to the emergency room because of fever and a prolonged episode of forceful, dry hacking cough with a distinct inspiratory whoop. The patient has no history of immunization. What is the most probable diagnosis? What is the most probable causative agent and its characteristics? What specimen is used for culturing the organism? What culture medium of choice is used?