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- How can a federal budget deficit increase market equilibrium interest rates and reduce private investment and future economic growth?Briefly explain whether each of the following statements is true or false. 1. An increase in government expenditure financed by borrowing (running a larger budget deficit) necessarily leads GDP to rise by more than the increase in gov- ernment expenditure according to the IS-LM model.Assuming that taxes are to be raised, which tax increase would be least detrimental to long term economic growth, a GST/HST increase or an increase in income tax? Assume that either of the increases would be revenue neutral, i.e., the federal government would take in the same amount of revenue with either tax that is raised.
- If Congress wants to stimulate the economy, explainhow it might alter each of the following: (a) personaland corporate tax rates, (b) depreciation expenseschedules, and (c) the differential between the taxrate on personal income and long-term capitalgains. How would these changes affect corporateprofitability and free cash flow? How would theyaffect investors’ choices regarding which securities to hold in their portfolios? Might any of theseactions affect the general level of interest rates?When a government lowers taxes it is employing ________. A) fiscal policy B) monetary policy C) domestic policy D) the law of one priceInterest payments on federal government bonds which are owned by the central bank 1, are recorded as central bank profits and then paid to the government as dividends. 2, are recorded as central bank profits and paid out to the private investors who own the central bank. 3, necessitate an increase in taxation so that they can be funded. 4, lead to a decrease in the money suppy.
- Suppose expenses for Medicare and Medicaid are rising rapidly. Which strategy could the federal government use to solve this situation? Make cuts to defense and education spending, and then increase income and payroll tax rates to reduce the effect of increasing expenses in the federal government. Delay payments for the interest on the national debt and increase tax rates for payroll and corporate income taxes to raise funds for Medicare and Medicaid. Increase corporate and individual income tax rates to raise revenue, and then eliminate payments to state and local governments to cut other costs in the federal government. Increase payouts for entitlements and decrease income and payroll taxes so that consumers are provided with more money to pay for increased medical costs.The government announces a cut in the income tax rate. Explain the multiplier effect by analysing how a typical consumer would react to this tax cut and which other decisions this reaction would trigger in the economy.The government has to go into debt to meet the needs of the budget deficit or shortfall. Identify whether this statement is true or false. Select one:TrueFalse
- What effect would each of the following events likely have on the level of nominalinterest rates?1. Households dramatically increase their savings rate.2. Corporations increase their demand for funds following an increase in investmentopportunities.3. The government runs a larger-than-expected budget deficit.4. There is an increase in expected inflation.Through utilizing fiscal policy, i.e. varying ________ and/or ___________, governments achieve goals for output and employment growth as well as price stability.a. interest rates, financial liberalizationb. inflation, tax elasticityc. tax rates, government spendingd. interest rates, tax ratesOf the following, the most likely effect of an increase in income tax rates would be to: A) Decrease the savings rate B) Decrease the supply of loanable funds C) Increase interest rates a. All statements are correct. b. Only one statement is correct. c. Only one statement is incorrect.
