A bacterium has the following characteristics: I. It adheres to the human intestinal lining using a feature that protects it from phagocytes , bacteriophages, and dehydration. II. It can survive being boiled. III. It

Q: 14) The figure above is reproduced from Cole & Curtis' 1940 measurement of an action potential in…

A: A resting axon's membrane potential is negatively charged. Voltage-gated ion channels open in…

Q: Which component is released from the active site of an enzyme during a chemical reaction? What is…

A: Introduction  The active site of an enzyme is the region where the substrate binds and undergoes a…

Q: TASK 1. From a 100-mL algal culture, 100-μL was mixed with 900-µL dilution buffer. From this…

A: Introduction :- A hemocytometer, also known as a counting chamber, is a specialized microscope slide…

Q: The recombination frequencies (RF) of genes A, B, C, and D are as follows: Relationship B-D C-D A-D…

A: Introduction :- Recombination frequency is a measure of the likelihood that two genes located on the…

Q: What function do amoeboid cells serve?

A: Introduction: Amoeboid cells are a type of cell that can change their shape and move around by…

Q: Step by step thyroid synthesis

A: Several diverse biological processes depend heavily on thyroid hormones. Their main function is to…

Q: Draw and label the E. coli host cell/T4 bacteriophage interaction.?

A: Escherichia coli is infected by the virus bacteriophage T4 via an unusual nanoscale injecting…

Q: Why gorillas are classified as a clade teleostomy and the reason for the name chosen?

A: Gorillas are placed in the clade Teleostomi. Teleostomi consists of all bony fish and tetrapods i.e,…

Q: What is the application of PCR in healthcare? Cite at least 2 specific examples.

A: Introduction :- PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a molecular biology technique that amplifies a…

Q: Give 7 causes of open canal that could affect our health

A: An open drainage or canal is a waterway that is typically seen in metropolitan settings and is used…

Q: Differential Staining B: Negative staining ~ thin smear C: Endospore Stain

A: Endospore staining: Endospore staining is a method used to selectively stain bacterial endospores.…

Q: C. Differentiate mitosis and meiosis using the following table Criteria DNA Replication Number of…

A: Introduction :-  Mitosis is a type of cell division that occurs in somatic cells and is responsible…

Q: A certain type of mutation converts the base cytosine into uracil. If this mutation is not repaired…

A: Mutation is defined as a change in an organism's genetic material. Nucleotide bases are the…

Q: Describe  the basic structure and organization of eukaryotic genetic material.

A: Introduction Eukaryotic organisms are organisms that have cells with a nucleus and other…

Q: ill in the blanks with the correct term. Prokaryotes can harm us by producing t ifferent types of…

A: Endotoxins and exotoxins are the two types of proteins formed in the bacteria. Exotoxin is a more…

Q: 5. Since the 1890s when northern elephant seals were hunted almost to extinction, the populations…

A: The term "genetic variation" describes the variations in genetic make-up among members of the same…

Q: How do you know if you Rhizobium isolation was successful? Could you please list all indicators.…

A: Rhizobium is a type of soil bacteria that is capable of forming a symbiotic relationship with…

Q: The citric acid cycle provides for the net synthesis of oxaloacetate from acetyl coa? What is the…

A: Introduction  The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA)…

Q: (a) Processive synthesis 1. (b) DNA unwinding 3'= MINNNNNNNNN (c) Helical DNA untwisting 3' 2 5 (d)…

A: ALL DNA synthesis starts from primers… and DNA replication begins with the synthesis of primers.…

Q: explain gene mutation

A: Introduction  Mutation refers to any change in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene or a…

Q: There is a photo of moss growing on the pavement of my driveway. How is moss able to grow like that,…

A: Introduction Mosses are a group of small, non-vascular plants that belong to the division Bryophyta.…

Q: What evidence convinced Darwin that species change over time?

A: Charles Darwin was an English naturalist and biologist who is best known for his theory of evolution…

Q: How do freshwater fish regulate osmotic stress in their environment? O take in electrolytes through…

A: Osmotic stress is a physiological condition that occurs when there is an imbalance of water and…

Q: 7. As far as location, where do each of these metabolic reactions occur in a eukaryote? A…

A: A metabolic pathway is a series of chemical reactions that occur within a cell. These reactions are…

Q: During RNA processing _______ are spliced out by snRNPs which recognize a _______.     introns;…

A: Proper RNA processing is crucial for the generation of functional mRNA molecules that can be…

Q: Compare and contrast the c4 pathway and the malate–aspartate shuttle in bullet format, meaning list…

A: Introduction :- The C4 pathway is a type of photosynthesis found in some plants, especially those…

Q: Which is/are the most phylogenetically close to humans based on the tree above? I) lizard     II)…

A: A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatic illustration which determines how species are closely related…

Q: 6. Eukaryotic cells have mitochondria (membrane bound organelles with separated compartments that…

A: In most species, ATP production is the main purpose of ATP synthase. The majority of eukaryotes and…

Q: Which are used by researchers to dispute Piaget's claims that infants are not capable of mental…

A: Introduction  The sensorimotor period is the first of four major stages of cognitive development…

Q: Draw and label detailed apparatus of the steam distillation apparatus used for the Isolation of…

A: Eugenol is the oil found in cloves. It's boiling point is 248 degree Celsius. It can be isolated at…

Q: Which of the following mutations will most likely NOT change the polypeptide sequence encoded by the…

A: A mutation is a change in the genetic material (DNA) of an organism. Mutations can occur…

Q: What is the function of the DNA ligase in the cell? And How does it have taken advantage of in gene…

A: Gene Cloning:  Gene cloning is a process of creating identical copies of a specific DNA sequence or…

Q: In the following pedigree of an autosomal recessive disorder, what is the probability that IV-1 will…

A: Autosomal recessive disease inheritance pattern occurs equally in both males and females. In this…

Q: What exactly is the significance of the abbreviation DFR?

A: Introduction  Enzymes are proteins that catalyze or speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.…

Q: the primary function of mitchondria is  a. formation of proteins b. making ATP c. burning ATP to…

A: Introduction  Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles found in most eukaryotic cells, including…

Q: A researcher is trying to develop a media to isolate a strain of E.coli from a patient’s stomach.…

A: Introduction :  Obtaining a pure culture of the bacteria is the aim of bacterial isolation.…

Q: genes interest with the dominant alleles being T-tall, H=hairy leaves and P=purple flowers. The…

A: In a trihybrid cross three characters are involve. In the above trihybrid cross the three characters…

Q: Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) is used to study:

A: Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) is used to study gene expression by studying mRNA.

Q: 39. The genetic distance between loci A and B is 10cM. You perform a cross between parents aaBB and…

A: A testcross is a genetic cross between an individual with a dominant phenotype but unknown genotype…

Q: Q:The isoforms of TnI in the sentence above mean:   A:One single TnI gene encodes two different…

A: Troponin is a complex composed of Troponin C (TnC), Troponin I (TnI), and Troponin T (TnT); the…

Q: explain why the natural killer cell in innate immunity don't attack our red blood cells?

A: Natural killer also called as NK cells are a kind of lymphocyte which plays a key role in innate…

Q: What are cnidocytes?  What is their function?

A: Introduction :- Cnidocytes are specialized cells found in cnidarians, which include animals such as…

Q: Why don’t birds have a bladder?

A: Introduction: Birds are a unique and diverse group of animals that have evolved many adaptations to…

Q: Based on what you know about the cells of the immune system, do you suspect this patient to have an…

A: What we see from this blood report is the following finding- Increased values- WBC, neutrophils,…

Q: 9. Cyanide poisoning can occur from breathing smoke in a house fire or exposure to certain…

A: Introduction  Cyanide poisoning is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when an…

Q: Assuming that layer silicates and humic acid exist independently in the soil, calculate a typical…

A: CEC refers to the cation exchange capacity of a soil. This helps in measuring the total number of…

Q: Can you explain what the results should be for a nitrate reduction, using Pseudomonas and coli, the…

A: Nitrate reduction is a biological process in which nitrate (NO3-) is converted into other…

Q: What is the recommended intake range (AMDR) of total carbohydrates as a percent of total dietary…

A: Intake range typically refers to the recommended range of daily intake of a nutrient or food…

Q: 3. What is the final electron acceptor for an obligate aerobe? An obligate anaerobe? What would…

A: Organisms require energy to carry out their metabolic activities, and this energy is typically…

Q: Why are lethal dominant genes much more rare than lethal recessive genes?

A: Lethal genes when inherited by the organism causes the organism to perish. The lethality can be…