A business that is just starting out and is uncertain about what the sales levels will be would probably have a cost structure that is
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- As a manager, you have to choose between two options for new production equipment. Machine A will increase fixed costs by a substantial margin but will produce greater sales volume at the current price. Machine B will only slightly increase fixed costs but will produce considerable savings on variable cost per unit. No additional sales are anticipated if Machine B is selected. What are the relative merits of both machines, and how could you go about analyzing which machine is the better investment for the company in terms of both net operating income and break-even?In designing a bonus structure to reward your production managers, one of the options is to reward the managers based on reaching annual income targets. What are the differences between a reward system for a company that uses absorption costing and one for a company that uses variable costing?Would each of the following increase, decrease, or have an indeterminant effect on a firms break-even point (unit sales)? a. The sales price increases with no change in unit costs. b. An increase in fixed costs is accompanied by a decrease in variable costs. c. Variable labor costs decline; other things are held constant.
- Continuous improvement is the governing principle of a lean accounting system. Following are several performance measures. Some of these measures would be associated with a traditional standard-costing accounting system, and some would be associated with a lean accounting system. a. Materials price variances b. Cycle time c. Comparison of actual product costs with target costs d. Materials quantity or efficiency variances e. Comparison of actual product costs over time (trend reports) f. Comparison of actual overhead costs, item by item, with the corresponding budgeted costs g. Comparison of product costs with competitors product costs h. Percentage of on-time deliveries i. First-time through j. Reports of value- and non-value-added costs k. Labor efficiency variances l. Days of inventory m. Downtime n. Manufacturing cycle efficiency (MCE) o. Unused (available) capacity variance p. Labor rate variance q. Using a sister plants best practices as a performance standard Required: 1. Classify each measure as lean or traditional (standard costing). If traditional, discuss the measures limitations for a lean environment. If it is a lean measure, describe how the measure supports the objectives of lean manufacturing. 2. Classify the measures into operational (nonfinancial) and financial categories. Explain why operational measures are better for control at the shop level (production floor) than financial measures. Should any financial measures be used at the operational level? 3. Suggest some additional measures that you would like to see added to the list that would be supportive of lean objectives.Which of the following costs are always incremental and relevant in decision analysis? a) Opportunity costs and sunk costs b) Avoidable costs and opportunity costs c) Only avoidable costs d) Avoidable costs and sunk costs Which of the following will increase a company's breakeven point? a) reducing its total fixed costs b) increasing the selling price per unit c) increasing variable cost per unit d) increasing contribution margin per unitWhich of the following is not an assumption underlying cost-volume-profit analysis?a. The sales mix is constant.b. The break-even point will be passed during the period.c. Total sales and total costs can be represented by straight lines.d. Costs can be accurately divided into fixed and variable components.
- Which of the following statements accurately describes the "relevant range?" a. The operation range in which fixed costs are expected to remain the same. b. The operation range in which the firm can earn a profit. c. The operation range which can satisfy unusual product demand. d. The operation range in which variable costs rise proportionately.Which of the following is not an assumption underlying cost-volume-profit analysis? a.The break-even point will be passed during the period. b.Total sales and total costs can be represented by straight lines. c.Costs can be accurately divided into fixed and variable components. d.The sales mix is constant.Each of a company's two product lines has a different contribution margin ratio . If the company's total sales remain the same but the sales mix shifts toward selling more of the product with the higher contribution ratio , which of the following is true ? O a Fixed cost will be constant . . the breakeven point will decrease . Ocall of the answers are true . d the average contribution margin ratio will increase . O e operating income will increase
- Which one of the following statement is not correct? Group of answer choices -Opportunity costs are only considered when resources are limited. -Break-even analysis is used to determine how many units of a product or a service a business has to sell to cover all its costs. -Both fixed and variable costs influence short-term decision-making. -Short-term decision-making is all about analysing those costs that will change as a result of taking a particular action.Describe the differences in behavior of fixed costs, variable costs, semi-variable costs and step costs. Then discuss how break-even analysis and contribution margin can be useful in making business decisions.1 Often the most direct route to a business decision is an incremental analysis. What is meant by an incremental analysis? 2 If the units produced equals the units sold, which method would you expect to show the higher net operating income, variable costing or absorption costing? Why? 3 Should a company allocate its common fixed costs to business segments when computing the break-even point for those segments? Why? 4 If the units produced equals the units sold, which method would you expect to show the higher net operating income, variable costing or absorption costing? Why?