A cell has an actual membrane potential (Em) at rest of -75mV. The equilibrium potential for Na+ is +120mV and the equilibrium potential for K+ is -95mV. Calculate the net driving force for Na+ in mV.
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A cell has an actual membrane potential (Em) at rest of -75mV. The equilibrium potential for Na+ is +120mV and the equilibrium potential for K+ is -95mV. Calculate the net driving force for Na+ in mV.
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- Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)One of the important uses of the Nernst equation is in describing the flow of ions across plasma membranes. Ions move under the influence of two forces: the concentration gradient (given in electrical units by the Nernst equation) and the electrical gradient (given by the membrane voltage). This is summarized by Ohms law: Ix=Gx(VmEx) which describes the movement of ion x across the membrane. I is the current in amperes (A); G is the conductance, a measure of the permeability of x, in Siemens (S), which is I/V;Vm is the membrane voltage; and Ex is the equilibrium potential of ion x. Not only does this equation tell how large the current is, but it also tells what direction the current is flowing. By convention, a negative value of the current represents either a positive ion entering the cell or a negative ion leaving the cell. The opposite is true of a positive value of the current. a. Using the following information, calculate the magnitude of Na [ Na+ ]0=145mM,[ Na+ ]i=15mM,Gna+=1nS,Vm=70mV b. Is Na+ entering or leaving the cell? c. Is Na+ moving with or against the concentration gradient? Is it moving with or against the electrical gradient?Using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation, determine what happens to the resting membrane potential if the ECF K+ concentration doubles to 10 mM.
- Describe the contribution of each of the following to establishing and maintaining membrane potential: (a) the Na+K+ pump, (b) passive movement of K+ across the membrane, (c) passive movement of Na+ across the membrane, and (d) the large intracellular anions.If the equilibrium potential for K* is -90mV, and the charge inside the cell is -70mV, which direction will K move across the membrane assuming there is permeability (membrane leak channels) which allow it to pass?If: membrane potential=-70mV, ENa=+60mV, and Ex=-90mV, consider which directions Na+ and K+ will leak across the membrane. If both ions are crossing the membrane, what is the most important factor in determining whether membrane potential will become more positive or more negative?
- Calculate: The equilibrium potential for potassium at room temp The equilibrium potential for sodium at room temp Resting membrane potential of this neuron at room temperatureUse the Goldman Equation to calculate the resting membrane potential at 37°C for each case:If a particular neuron has an intracellular Chloride concentration of 154.3 mM, an extracellular Chloride concentration of 163.2 mM, and a membrane potential of -54.1, what is the net driving force (in mV) acting upon Chloride?
- What is the equilibrium membrane potential due to Na+ ions if the extracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 154 mM and the intracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 23 mM at 20 ∘C ?Calculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 °C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.10 M on the “right side” and 0.01 M on the “left side”, given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (-). (a) Membrane permeable only to Na+ (b) Membrane permeable only to Cl– (c) Membrane equally permeable to both ionsThe membrane potential for an excitable cell membrane is -70 mV, for sodium ions the Nernst equilibrium potential is +50 mV, the conductivity of the single sodium channel is 10 pS. What is the electrochemical potential difference that is the driving force for sodium ions to migrate? How much current flows through an open sodium channel under these conditions?
