Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781285866932
Author: Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 7UC
Describe the contribution of each of the following to establishing and maintaining membrane potential: (a) the
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what is membrane potential?please briefly define.
Similarly, what will be the effect on membrane potential if Cl- ions move into a cell?
Describe the components of the membrane that establish the resting membrane potential
Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 3.1 - Draw how phospholipid molecules align themselves...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 3.1 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 3.2 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 3.2 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 3.2 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 3.3 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 3.3 - Distinguish between passive and active forces that...Ch. 3.4 - List the means of unassisted membrane transport.Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 2CYU
Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 3.5 - Draw a graph comparing simple diffusion down a...Ch. 3.5 - Describe what causes the carrier to change shape...Ch. 3.5 - Distinguish between symport and antiport.Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 3.6 - Describe the relative contributions of k+ and Na+...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 3 - The nonpolar tails of the phospholipid molecules...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2RECh. 3 - Prob. 3RECh. 3 - At resting membrane potential, there is a slight...Ch. 3 - Using the answer code on the right, indicate which...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6RECh. 3 - Prob. 7RECh. 3 - Prob. 1UCCh. 3 - Prob. 2UCCh. 3 - What two properties of a particle influence...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4UCCh. 3 - Prob. 5UCCh. 3 - Prob. 6UCCh. 3 - Describe the contribution of each of the following...Ch. 3 - Using the Nernst equation, calculate the...Ch. 3 - One of the important uses of the Nernst equation...Ch. 3 - Using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation, determine...Ch. 3 - When William H. was helping victims after a...Ch. 3 - Which of the following methods of transport is...Ch. 3 - Assume that a membrane permeable to Na+ but not to...Ch. 3 - A solution may have the same osmolarity as normal...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4TAHLCh. 3 - Prob. 5TAHL
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- Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)arrow_forwardAssume that a membrane permeable to Na+ but not to Cl- separates two solutions. The concentration of sodium chloride on side 1 is higher than on side 2. Which of the following ionic movements would occur? a. Na+ would move until its concentration gradient is dissipated (until the concentration of Na+ on side 2 is the same as the concentration of Na+ on side 1). b. Cl- would move down its concentration gradient from side 1 to side 2. c. A membrane potential, negative on side 1, would develop. d. A membrane potential, positive on side 1, would develop. e. None of the preceding is correct.arrow_forwardOne of the important uses of the Nernst equation is in describing the flow of ions across plasma membranes. Ions move under the influence of two forces: the concentration gradient (given in electrical units by the Nernst equation) and the electrical gradient (given by the membrane voltage). This is summarized by Ohms law: Ix=Gx(VmEx) which describes the movement of ion x across the membrane. I is the current in amperes (A); G is the conductance, a measure of the permeability of x, in Siemens (S), which is I/V;Vm is the membrane voltage; and Ex is the equilibrium potential of ion x. Not only does this equation tell how large the current is, but it also tells what direction the current is flowing. By convention, a negative value of the current represents either a positive ion entering the cell or a negative ion leaving the cell. The opposite is true of a positive value of the current. a. Using the following information, calculate the magnitude of Na [ Na+ ]0=145mM,[ Na+ ]i=15mM,Gna+=1nS,Vm=70mV b. Is Na+ entering or leaving the cell? c. Is Na+ moving with or against the concentration gradient? Is it moving with or against the electrical gradient?arrow_forward
- Describe the contribution of each of the following to the establishment and maintenance of membrane potential: Part A Na+K+ Pump Passive movement of K+ across the membrane Passive movement of Na+ across the membrane Part B Resting membrane potential is approximately -70mV. Explain what resting membrane potential is and what -70mV refers to.arrow_forwardExplain the conditions that give rise to the resting membrane potential.arrow_forwardExplain the Nature and Magnitude of the Resting Membrane Potential?arrow_forward
- What role do the Na+/K+ pumps play in establishing the resting membrane potential?arrow_forwardWhat is the expected resting membrane potential (in mV) of a neuron that is typical in all ways except for possessing an intracellular potassium concentration of 94 mM and double the normal resting permeability to sodium?arrow_forwardSeparately, draw a table using arrows to depict the appropriate magnitude and direction of the forces and ion fluxes at different membrane potentials for a ligand-gated channel that is equally permeable to both ion X+ and ion Y+. The equilibrium potential for ion X+ is -60 mV, and the equilibrium potential for ion Y+ is -20 mV. Which item best represents the forces and fluxes for a membrane potential of -20 mV?arrow_forward
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