A fluid system has two sensors, a pressure sensor and a flow sensor. The pressure sensor has two outputs ‘AB' that define three levels: '00' if pressure is low, '01' and '10' if pressure is medium, and 11' if pressure is high. The flow sensor has one output 'C' defining two levels: '0' if flow is low, and '1' if flow is high. The combination of all outputs is used to decide if a valve should be closed *V=0' if pressure is high, or if flow is low and pressure is not low. Otherwise, the valve should be opened *V=I'. You are assigned the task to design the circuit that makes this decision. (3-a) Is this an analogue or digital electronic problem? Explain the difference. (3-b) What is the benefit of using digital circuits for the abovementioned scenario? Explain. (3-c) Apply your knowledge of Boolean logic to form the truth table. (3-d) Write down the sum-of-products expression that represents the output. (3-e) Draw the circuit diagram for the given scenario, then verify its operation using Multisim. (3-f) Compare the output of your circuit 'V' to the output of the circuit below 'Z' by comparing truth tables. Modify the circuit below (using NAND gates only) to make it equivalent to your circuit. A B C N

A fluid system has two sensors, a pressure sensor and a flow sensor. The pressure sensor has two outputs ‘AB' that define three levels: '00' if pressure is low, '01' and '10' if pressure is medium, and 11' if pressure is high. The flow sensor has one output 'C' defining two levels: '0' if flow is low, and '1' if flow is high. The combination of all outputs is used to decide if a valve should be closed V=0' if pressure is high, or if flow is low and pressure is not low. Otherwise, the valve should be opened V=I'. You are assigned the task to design the circuit that makes this decision. (3-a) Is this an analogue or digital electronic problem? Explain the difference. (3-b) What is the benefit of using digital circuits for the abovementioned scenario? Explain. (3-c) Apply your knowledge of Boolean logic to form the truth table. (3-d) Write down the sum-of-products expression that represents the output. (3-e) Draw the circuit diagram for the given scenario, then verify its operation using Multisim. (3-f) Compare the output of your circuit 'V' to the output of the circuit below 'Z' by comparing truth tables. Modify the circuit below (using NAND gates only) to make it equivalent to your circuit. A B C N

Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections

1st Edition

ISBN:9781133939146

Author:Katz, Debora M.

Publisher:Katz, Debora M.

Chapter15: Fluids

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 52PQ: Figure P15.52 shows a Venturi meter, which may be used to measure the speed of a fluid. It consists...

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(a) Convert normal blood pressure readings of 120 over 80 mm Hg to newtons per meter squared using be relationship for pressure due to the weight of a fluid (p=hg) rater a conversion factor. (b) Explain why be blood pressure of an infant would likely be smaller than that of an adult. Specifically, consider the smaller height to which blood mast be pumped.
What is the difference between flow rate and fluid velocity? How are they related?
Figure P15.52 shows a Venturi meter, which may be used to measure the speed of a fluid. It consists of a Venturi tube through which the fluid moves and a manometer used to measure the pressure difference between regions 1 and 2. The fluid of density tube moves from left to right in the Venturi tube. Its speed in region 1 is v1, and its speed in region 2 is v2. The necks cross-sectional area is A2, and the cross-sectional area of the rest of the tube is A1. The manometer contains a fluid of density mano. a. Do you expect the fluid to be higher on the left side or the right side of the manometer? b. The speed v2 of the fluid in the neck comes from measuring the difference between the heights (yR yL) of the fluid on the two sides of manometer. Derive an expression for v2 in terms of (yR yL), A1, A2, tube, and mano. FIGURE P15.52
What effect does capillary action have on the reading of a manometer with uniform diameter? Explain your answer.
Fluid originally flows through a tube at a rate of 100 cm3/s. To illustrate the sensitivity of flow rate to various factors, calculate the new flow rate for the following changes with all other factors remaining the same as in the original conditions. (a) Pressure difference increases by a factor of 1.50. (b) A new fluid with 3.00 times greater viscosity is substituted. (c) The tube is replaced by one having 4.00 times the length. (d) Another tube is used with a radius 0.100 times the original. (e) Yet another tube is substituted with a radius 0.100 times the original and half the length, and the pressure difference is increased by a factor of 1.50.
The human circulation system has approximately 1109 capillary vessels. Each vessel has a diameter of about 8 m. Assuming cardiac output is 5 L/min, determine the average velocity of blood flow through each capillary vessel.
A horizontal pipe 10.0 cm in diameter has a smooth reduction to a pipe 5.00 cm in diameter. If the pressure of the water in the larger pipe is 8.00 104 Pa and the pressure in the smaller pipe is 6.00 104 Pa, at what rate does water flow through the pipes?
Verigy that the SI of hpg is N/m2.
A container of water has a cross-sectional area of A=0.1m2 . A piston sits top of the water (see be following figure). There is a spout located 0.15 m from the bottom of tank, open to the atmosphere, and a stream of water exits the spout. The cross sectional area of the spat is As=7.0104m2 . (a) What is the velocity of the water as it leaves the spout? (b) If the opening of the spout is located 1.5 m above the grand, how far from be pout does water hit the floor? Ignore friction and dissipative forces.
(a) As blood passes through the capillary bed in an organ, the capillaries join to form venules (small veins). If the blood speed increases by a factor of 4.00 and the total cross-sectional area of the venules is 10.0 cm2, what is the total cross-sectional area of the capillaries feeding these venules? (b) How many capillaries are involved if their average diameter is 10.0 m?
A 75.0-kg floats in freshwater 3.00% of his volume above water when his are empty, and 5.00% of his volume above water when his lungs are full. Calculate the volume of air inhales—called his lung capacity—in liters. (b) Does lung volume seem reasonable?
The small piston of a hydraulic lift (Fig. P15.6) has a cross-sectional area of 3.00 cm2, and its large piston has a cross-sectional area of 200 cm2. What downward force of magnitude F1 must be applied to the small piston for the lift to raise a load whose weight is Fg = 15.0 kN? Figure P15.6