2.2 A group of researchers wants to do a comparative study on auditory reaction time (ART) and visual reaction time (VRT) of Visual Arts majors. They took a sample of twentycollege students who majored in Visual Arts, and each was given a unique serial number. In their study, two tasks were administered: (1) a VRT task where they need to pressthe spacebar of the computer keyboard once a red dot appears on the screen and (2) an ART task where a 20-second sound will be played, and the participants need to pressthe spacebar once the sound is presented. A randomization mechanism was done to determine which task would be administered first. The tables of the reaction times areshown below:Visual TaskReactionAuditory TaskReactionTimeStudentStudentTime1.3711.1321.0521.0531.3331.3041.0841.0151.151.381.1061.1871.0370.8781.4581.1690.780.75101.07100.98110.84111.22121.34121.03131.47131.16140.97141.07151.66151.18160.76160.78171.16171.00180.78180.89191.09190.85201.23200.83Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that Visual Arts majors perform better in the VRT task than in the ART task? Test at 0.05 level of significance. Instruction: Answer the questions completely. Show all pertinent solutions. No immediate rounding. Round off final answers to four decimal places. For final answers with lessthan four decimal values, keep them as is. Use the statistical tables provided in class. Don't forget to define the parameters of interest.You will submit your solutions on the second to the last page. Remember to click "Submit all and finish."When computing the mean and variance (or standard deviation) usingX;X = X;11 N1 N(X; – 4)?or o=11(X; – X)²or s=n-1 (X; – X)²no need to show the formula and plugged-in values. You may use your calculator to directly compute for these.of

A sample of 20 college students who majored in Visual Arts is taken. Then, the chosen sample is…

Answered: A group of researchers wants to do a…

Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition 2012

1st Edition

ISBN:9780547587776

Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL

Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL

Chapter11: Data Analysis And Probability

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8CR

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A researcher conducted a medical study to investigate whether taking a low-dose aspirin reduces the chance of developing colon cancer. As part of the study, 1,000 adult volunteers were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Half of the volunteers were assigned to the experimental group that took a low-dose aspirin each day, and the other half were assigned to the control group that took a placebo each day. At the end of six years, 15 of the people who took the low-dose aspirin had developed colon cancer and 26 of the people who took the placebo had developed colon cancer. At the significance level α = 0.05, do the data provide convincing statistical evidence that taking a low-dose aspirin each day would reduce the chance of developing colon cancer among all people similar to the volunteers?
A disgruntled employee of a prominent delivery company in Baltimore County is accused of adding water into the fuel tanks of a large fleet of delivery vehicles. The manager asked the guard who observed the act to walk the parking lot with him to identify a sample of vehicles closer to the guards' booth. Upon returning to his office, the manager figured that since all the vehicles were of the same color, same engine size, and were on an inventory purchased and delivered just about the same year when all the previously existing vehicles were sold away, the decision to include the entire fleet for testing prior to filing the police report. The vehicles inventory could be described as . . .
An ornithologist thinks that injections of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) increase the singing rate of his captive male cotingas (birds). To test this hypothesis, he randomly selects 20 singing cotingas and divides them into two groups of 10 birds each. The first group receives injections of FSH and the second gets injections of saline solution, as a control for the trauma of receiving an injection. He then records the singing rate (in songs per hour) for both groups. The results are given in the following table. Note that two of the FSH birds escaped during injection and were not replaced. a.) What is the alternative hypothesis? Use a directional alternative hypothesis. b.) What is the null hypothesis? c.) Using the Mann-Whitney U test and alpha=0.05tail what is your conclusion?
A neurosurgeon believes that lesions in a particular area of the brain, called the thalamus, will decrease pain perception. If so, this could be important in the treatment of terminal illness that is accompanied by intense pain. As a first attempt to test this hypothesis, he conducts an experiment in which 16 rats are randomly divided into two groups of eight each. Animals in the experimental group receive a small lesion in the part of the thalamus thought to be involved with pain perception. Animals in the control group receive a comparable lesion in a brain area believed to be unrelated to pain. Two weeks after surgery, each animal is given a brief electrical shock to the paws. The shock is administered in an ascending series, beginning with a very low intensity level and increasing until the animal first flinches. In this manner, the pain threshold to electric shock is determined for each rat. The following data are obtained. Each score represents the current level (milli-amperes)…
Aronson and Mills (1959) conducted an experiment to see whether people's liking for a group is influenced by the severity of initiation. They reasoned that when people willingly undergo a severe initiation to become members of a group, they are motivated to think that the group membership must be worthwhile. Otherwise, they would experience cognitive dissonance: Why put up with severe initiation for the sake of a group membership that is worthless? In their experiment, participants were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: Group 1 (control) had no initiation. Group 2 (mild) had a mildly embarrassing initiation (reading words related to sex out loud). Group 3 (severe) had a severely embarrassing initiation (reading sexually explicit words and obscene words out loud). After the initiation, each person listened to a standard tape-recorded discussion among the group that they would now supposedly be invited to join; this was made up made to be as dull and banal as possible.…
A study was performed on 200 elementary school students to investigate whether regular Vitamin A supplementation was effective in preventing colds during the month of March. 100 were randomized to receive daily Vitamin A supplements during the month of March, and 100 students were randomized to a placebo group (and did not receive Vitamin A) during the same month. The number of students getting at least one cold in March was computed in the two groups, and the results are given in the following 2 X 2 table. Using a 5% level of significance determine whether there is an association between Vitamin A supplementation and prevention of Common Cold ColdNo Cold Vitamin A1585100 Placebo2575100 40160200
In Colorado, there is a large group of deer that spend their summer months in a region on one side of a highway and survive the winter months in a lower region on the other side. To determine if the highway has disturbed deer migration to the winter feeding area, the following data were gathered on a random sample of 10 wilderness districts in the winter feeding area. Row B represents the average January deer count for a 5-year period before the highway was built, and row A represents the average January deer count for a 5-year period after the highway was built. The highway department claims that the January population has not changed. Test this claim against the claim that the January population has dropped. Use a 5% level of significance. Units used in the table are hundreds of deer. (Let d = B − A.) Wilderness District 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B: Before highway 10.1 7.2 12.9 5.6 17.4 9.9 20.5 16.2 18.9 11.6 A: After highway 9.3 8.4 10.2 4.1 4.0 7.1 15.2 8.3 12.2 7.3 What…
In a study of chromosomal anomalies observed in a randomly selected sample of 1200 infertile men with either a zero or low sperm count, a team of researchers assigned the value of 1 for the presence of any chromosomal anomaly in the subject's sperm and the value of 0 for the absence of all chromosomal anomalies in the subject's sperm.Of the 600 men with zero sperm count, 48 had chromosomal anomalies. Of the 600 men with low sperm count, 15 had chromosomal anomalies. The researchers would like to test the hypothesesHo: P1 = P2Ha: P1 does not equal P2where p₁ the true proportion of all men with zero sperm count that have chromosomal anomalies and p₂ = the true proportion of all men with low sperm count that have chromosomal anomalies.What is the z standardized test statistic, for this test?
A paper describes a study of the use of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) exams in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The purpose of the study was to determine if MRI exams do a better job than mammograms of determining if women who have recently been diagnosed with cancer in one breast have cancer in the other breast. The study participants were 940 women who had been diagnosed with cancer in one breast and for whom a mammogram did not detect cancer in the other breast.These women had an MRI exam of the other breast, and 111 of those exams indicated possible cancer. After undergoing biopsies, it was determined that 30 of the 111 did in fact have cancer in the other breast, whereas 81 did not. The women were all followed for one year, and four of the women for whom the MRI exam did not indicate cancer in the other breast were subsequently diagnosed with cancer that the MRI did not detect. The accompanying table summarizes this information. CancerPresent Cancer NotPresent Total MRI…
The authors of the article "Adjuvant Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in Node-Positive Premenopausal Women with Breast Cancer"† reported on the results of an experiment designed to compare treating cancer patients with chemotherapy only to treatment with a combination of chemotherapy and radiation. Of the 154 individuals who received the chemotherapy-only treatment, 76 survived at least 15 years, whereas 98 of the 164 patients who received the hybrid treatment survived at least that long. With p1 denoting the proportion of all such women who, when treated with just chemotherapy, survive at least 15 years and p2 denoting the analogous proportion for the hybrid treatment, p̂1 = (rounded to three decimal places) and p̂2 = (rounded to three decimal places). A confidence interval for the difference between proportions based on the traditional formula with a confidence level of approximately 99% is 0.494 − 0.598 ± (2.58) (0.494)(0.506) 154 + (0.598)(0.402) 164…
The percentage of 12- to 17-year-olds who reported talking at least once in the past year with their parents about the dangers of drug, tobacco, or alcohol is 60% nationally. A state youth council believes this proportion is higher in their state, where there has been an intense media campaign about this issue. A survey of randomly chosen students from across the state shows 1032 of 1642 students reporting they are having these conversations with their parents. Use an alpha = .5
Suppose that in a study of 35 million HPV shots examined, the shots were followed in time by 14,000 serious ailments and 32 confirmed deaths. However, suppose in examining a randomly selected control group of 35 million non-vaccinated people of the same age at a particular time A, 0.0413% developed a serious ailment soon after time A, and 0.000089% died soon after time A. What does the comparison of two groups tell us? What are the percentages in the vaccinated group (serious ailments and confirmed deaths), and how to they compare to the nonvaccinated group? Hint: compute the percentages for serious ailments (14,000/35,000,000) and confirmed deaths (32/35,000,000) for the vaccinated group. Compare with the control group. Notice % above. (0,0413% and 0.000089%) Answer here. What can we conclude with high probability, if this comparison between vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups was done many times with the same basic results? Answer here. Can we absolutely rule out that the…

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