A hard disk with a transfer rate of 10 M bytes/ second is constantly transferring data to memory using DMA. The processor runs at 600 MHz, and takes 300 and 900 clock cycles to initiate and complete DMA transfer respectively. If the size of the transfer is 20 Kbytes, what is the percentage of transfer operation? processor time consumed for the

A hard disk with a transfer rate of 10 M bytes/ second is constantly transferring data to memory using DMA. The processor runs at 600 MHz, and takes 300 and 900 clock cycles to initiate and complete DMA transfer respectively. If the size of the transfer is 20 Kbytes, what is the percentage of transfer operation? processor time consumed for the

Systems Architecture

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305080195

Author:Stephen D. Burd

Publisher:Stephen D. Burd

Chapter4: Processor Technology And Architecture

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2PE: If a microprocessor has a cycle time of 0.5 nanoseconds, what’s the processor clock rate? If the...

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If a microprocessor has a cycle time of 0.5 nanoseconds, what’s the processor clock rate? If the fetch cycle is 40% of the processor cycle time, what memory access speed is required to implement load operations with zero wait states and load operations with two wait states?
Suppose the user process' size is 8192Kb and is a standard hard disk where swapping has a data transfer rate of 1Mbps. Calculate for the total swap time in milliseconds (swap-in time and swap-out time) of the 8192Kb process to and from the physical memory.
Consider a disk drive specifications. with the following 16 surfaces, 512 tracks/surface, 512 sectors/ track, 1 KB/sector, rotation speed 3000 rpm. The disk is operated in cycle stealing mode whereby whenever one byte word is ready it is sent to memory; similarly, for writing, the disk interface reads a 4 byte word from the memory in each DMA cycle. Memory cycle time is 40 nsec. The maximum percentage of time that the CPU gets blocked during DMA operation?
Suppose that a disk drive rotates at 8000 RPM. It has an average seek time of 4 milliseconds. If its transfer rate is 15 Mbps, determine the average time it takes for a 15K byte request to be transferred from the time the disk starts the seek? From this, determine its throughput.
Suppose we have a computer with the following characteristics: the magnetic disk has an accesslatency of 15 milliseconds and a streaming transfer rate of 5 megabytes per second. For the disk described,what is the effective transfer rate if an average access is followed by a streaming transfer ofa. 1024 bytes
A computer system has a memory access time of 11.0 ns and is using a SATA III SSD (solid state drive) capable of transferring 8 Gbit/s. The size of a page is 1024 bytes. What should the probability of a page fault be so that access time degradation does not exceed 14%?
Consider a 512 KB cache system used in our laptop. The access time for the cache is 25 ns, and the memory access time is 200 ns. Assuming a miss rate of 25%, what would be the average memory access time?
A computer system has a memory access time of 120 ns. The hit rate is 96% and memory and cache accesses don' t lap and affect each other. In order AMAT to be under 12 ns, what should the maximum cache access time be?
A computer has instructions that require two bus cycles, one to fetch the instruction and one to fetch the data. Each bus cycle takes 250 nanoseconds and each instruction takes 500 nanoseconds (i.e., the internal processing time is negligible). The computer also has a disk with 16,512 byte sectors per track. Disk rotation time is 8.092 milliseconds. To what percentage of its normal speed is the computer reduced during DMA transfer if each DMA takes one bus cycle? Consider two cases: 8-bit bus transfer and 16-bit bus transfer.
Your friend has just bought a new personal computer. She tells you that her new system runs at 1GHz, which makes it over three times faster than her old 300 MHz system. What would you tell her? By using a specific example case (e.g., In a given system, for 40% of its time the processor is busy with computation but for 60% of its time processor is idle waiting for the completion of I/O operations in disk and network devices), explain how Amdahl’s law can be applied
A computer has a cache, main memory, and a disk used for virtual memory. If a referenced word is in the cache, 20 ns are required to access it. If it is in main memory but not in the cache, 60 ns are needed to load it into the cache, then the reference is started again. If the word is not in main memory, 12 ms (not ns) are required to fetch the word from disk, then the reference is started again. The cache hit ratio is 0.9 and the main memory hit ratio is 0.06. What is the average time in ns required to access a referenced word on this system?
Suppose a processor has access to three levels of memory. Level 1 has an access timeof 9 microseconds, level 2 has an access time of 23 microseconds and level 3 has anaccess time of 65 microseconds. Level 1 contains a subset of the bytes contained inlevel 2, and level 2 contains a subset of the bytes contained in level 3. It is estimatedthat 35 % of all requested bytes are contained in level 1, 68 % of all requested bytesare contained in level 2 and 100 % of all requested bytes are contained in level 3. If abyte to be accessed is in level 1, then the processor will directly access it from level 1.If a byte to be accessed is not in level 1 but in level 2, then the processor will directlyaccess it from level 2. If a byte to be accessed is not in level 1 and not in level 2, thenthe processor will directly access it from level 3. For simplicity, we assume that theaccessed bytes are not transferred between the memory levels. Moreover, we ignorethe time that is required for the processor to…