A hypothetical population has two alleles for a "B" gene: B1 and B2. In a random sample of 50 diploid zygotes (for a total of 100 alleles), the following genotypes were found: 20 B1B1, 20 B1B2, and 10 B2B2 The above values represent the initial genotype frequencies of zygotes in the population. Let's say that selection acts against the B2 allele, and all 10 individuals with B2B2 genotype die off before reaching maturity (leaving 0 B2B2 individuals). (The number of surviving adults in the population is 40, so the number of alleles is 80). What is the new observed frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype? O A. 0.10 O B. 0.70 O C.0.25 O D.0.50 O E. 0.75
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- you (should have) learned that selection alone cannot purge a population of the very last copy of a deleterious allele. If selection is unable to do so, which of the remaining mechanisms (of the five Hardy-Weinberg) assumptions is MOST LIKELY to do so? Justify your answer. That is, why is the mechanism you picked the most likely to get rid of that last copy of a harmful allele?In corn, yellow kernel color is governed by a dominant allele for white color, W, and by its recessive allele, w, . A random sample of 100 kernels from a population that is in equilibrium reveals that 9 are yellow and 91 are white. What are the frequencies of the yellow and white alleles in this population? What is the percentage of the heterozygotes?If gene A/a is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium due to natural selection such that individuals with the genotype AA have a fitness value of 1.0, heterozygotes have only slightly reduced fitness at 0.9, and individuals with the genotype aa have a fitness value of 0.6, what kind of change in allele frequency would you expect to see over time assuming you start with equal frequencies of the 2 alleles?
- In monkeys, black coat color (B) is dominant over brown color (b). A population of monkeys was found to be composed of 67 brown coated individuals and 119 black coated individuals. Based upon the Hardy‑Weinberg formula, what proportion of the population is expected to have the genotype BB? Based upon the Hardy‑Weinberg formula, what proportion of the population is expected to bave black coat color?In smurfs, blue tails and red tails are codominant to white tails (this is similar to blood type in humans). In a population of 200 smurfs, 6 have white tails, 93 have blue tails, 51 have red tails, and 50 have purple tails. Papa smurf has learned that the frequency of the blue tail allele is 0.53. Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium? Be sure to do a Chi-square test and show your work.In monkeys, black coat color (B) is dominant over brown color (b). A population of monkeys was found to be composed of 67 brown coated individuals and 119 black coated individuals. What is the frequency of the b allele in this population? What is the frequency of the B allele in this population? Based upon the Hardy‑Weinberg formula, what proportion of the population is expected to have the genotype BB? Based upon the Hardy‑Weinberg formula, what proportion of the population is expected to bave black coat color? Based upon the Hardy‑Weinberg formula, how many individuals in this population would be expected to have the genotype Bb?
- A hypothetical population of 10,000 humans has 6848 individuals with the blood type AA, 2846 individuals with blood type AB, and 306 individuals with the blood type BB. What is the frequency of each genotype in this population? What is the frequency of the A allele? What is the frequency of the B allele? If the next generation contained 25,000 individuals, how many individuals would have blood type BB, assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?Assume that the frequency of gene B in a hypothetical population Is 0.63, that there are only two alleles (B and b) of the gee in the population, that allele B is dominant over allele b, that neither allele has a selective advantage over the other, and that the population is at equilibrium with regard to this particular gene. What proportion of the population is expected to have the phenotype specified by the B allele according to the Hardy-Weinberg formula? 0.47 0.87 0.67 0.40 0.37Nieman-Pick Syndrome involves a defective enzyme, sphyngomylinase. It is usually fatal before the age of 3. The defective allele frequency is 0.01 in Ashkenazi populations. Let’s call the healthy allele A, and the lethal allele a. a) What is the frequency of allele A? Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, how many people do you expect to have the three genotypes in a population of 10,000? b) AA:_______ c) Aa:________ d) aa:_________
- A scientist is studying a wild population of Japanese morning glories. It is easy to separate genotypes at a flower color locus by their phenotypes. Red individuals are homozygous for the R allele, yellow individuals are homozygous for the Y allele, and orange individuals are heterozygous. If the number of individuals with the following genotypes are: RR: 831 RY: 33 YY: 442 Is the population in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium?A recessive lethal allele has achieved a frequency of 0.22 due to genetic drift in a very small population. Based on natural selection, how would you expect the allele frequencies to change in the next three generations? Now: Your calculation can assume that genetic drift is not altering allele frequencies in either direction.Which of the following statements describes an example of genetic drift?a. Allele g for fat production increases in a small population because birds with more bodyfat have higher survivorship in a harsh winter.b. Random mutation increases the frequency of allele A in one population but not inanother.c. Allele R reaches a frequency of 1.0 because individuals with genotype rr are sterile.d. Allele m is lost when a virus kills all but a few individuals and just by chance, none ofthe survivors possess allele m.