A liquid mixture contains 60 wt% ethanol, 5 wt% of a dissolved solute, and the balance water. A stream of this mixture is fed to a continuous distillation column operating at steady state, with an overhead and a bottoms stream leaving the unit. The column is designed such that the product streams have equal mass flowrates and for the top stream to contain 90 wt% ethanol and no solute. Complete the mass balance for this system determining the compositions (mass fractions) of all streams. Calculate the ratio of the mass of ethanol in the bottoms relative to the mass of ethanol in the feed stream. Provide a full solution (including process flow diagram, list of assumptions made, and degree of freedom analysis) for the question.

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Units and Dimensions

Dimensions are the basic concepts of the measurement of quantities. Units are the means of expressing the dimensions. For instance, an area has a dimension of L2 and a unit of m2.