A multicast overlay effectively pushes streaming content from a single source to multiple destinations, with no caching of the stream at the intermediate nodes. A CDN effectively pulls content (including videos) down a caching hierarchy, caching it at the intermediate nodes. Show by example how these two can be viewed as duals of each other. Explain why a CDN can be viewed as equivalent to asynchronous multicast. (Hint: Think TiVo.)
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- Consider this multihpop network running the 802.11 MAC protocol in ad-hoc mode (RTS-CTS-DATA-ACK) and a link speed of 1 Mbps: A === B === C === D Edges ‘===’ represent connectivity, so, for instance, nodes B and C can communicate with each other directly, but A and C cannot. All nodes are able to route packets on behalf of the other nodes and they employ store-and-forward to deliver packets to the destination. Suppose nodes A, B, and C have to send a lot of data frames to node D and have their link layer queue always full. What is the average data rate for A, B, and C assuming no DATA frames get lost due collisions? Explain your answer. Compare the data rates with the link rate.Question 2 . The non-persistent HTTP protocol executes six main steps in order to establish a connection between a server and a client and transfer data between the client of the server. Pleaseenumerate these steps by clearly identifying the steps/actions of the sender and those of the Pleaseindicate the steps which are affected in case of persistent HTTP and how they are Aclient wants to download 45 documents of size 500 bits each from a server that has a transmission rate of 40bps. If the RTT between the client and server is 1 ms, please indicate the time needed to download the 45 movies if PersistentHTTP is used Non-persistentHTTP is usedAssume that we have a centralized architecture, where all players inform their coordinates to a server. Explain how timeout-based and quorum-based message aggregationswork in such an environment. Assume we have 12 players and their update intervalranges from [0.1, 3] seconds. Which approach would be recommendable?
- A connection between two servers may transport multiple packets simultaneously. Please break down for me how much time is consumed on each phase of goods processing. Should the duration of one delay be predetermined, while the duration of the other delay is situation-dependent?Assume that all players report their coordinates to a server as part of a centralised architecture. Describe the operation of timeout-based and quorum-based message aggregations in such a setting. Assume there are 12 players, and each one updates every [0.1, 3] seconds. Which course of action is advised?Consider a short, 10-meter link, over which a sender can transmit at a rate of 150 bits/sec in both directions. Suppose that packets containing data are 100,000 bits long, and packets containing only control (e.g., ACK or handshaking) are 200 bits long. Assume that N parallel connections each get 1/N of the link bandwidth. Now consider the HTTP protocol, and suppose that each downloaded object is 100 Kbits long, and that the initial downloaded object contains 10 referenced objects from the same sender. Would parallel downloads via parallel instances of non-persistent HTTP make sense in this case? Now consider persistent HTTP. Do you expect significant gains over the non-persistent case? Justify and explain your answer
- Can someone please explain to me this question? ASAP??!!! 8. Consider the throughput example shown in the lecture.Now suppose that there are M client-server pairs rather than 3. Denote Rs, Rc, and R for the rates of the server links, client links, and network link. Assume all other links have abundant capacity and that there is no other traffic in the network besides the traffic generated by the M client-server pairs. Derive a general expression for throughput in terms of Rs, Rc, R, and M.Data collision occurs when several senders attempt to access the same media at the same time; what protocol(s) and at what Layer(s) are available to avoid this? Do these methods provide reliable, collision-free transport? If that's not the case, what other solutions may be considered?Consider an Infrastructure BSS with an Access Point and two Mobile Stations, and let’s use AP, M1, and M2 to denote their MAC addresses. Both M1 and M2 are associated with the AP. Suppose M1 wants to send a data frame to M2. When this data frame is relayed by the AP, explain how the AP shall update the four address fields of the data frame.
- Consider the three words in the network A, B, and C. The host sends a 700-bit packet to the host saw via the host b tree. The propagation speed from A to B is 2 *10 power 8 metres per second, and the propagation speed from B to C is 3 *10 power 8 metres per second. The distance between hosts a and b is in the thousands of kilometres. B and C are separated by 1500 kilometres. The a-b and b-c RCM connection bandwidth is 5 Mbps. What is the packet's end-to-end delay?a) In a bus CSMA/CD network with a data rate of 10 Mbps, a collision occurs 20 µs after the first bit of the frame leaves the sending station. What should the length of the frame be so that the sender can detect the collision? b) There are only two stations, A and B, in a bus 1-persistence CSMA/CD network with Tp = 25.6 µs and Tr = 51.2 µs. Station A has a frame to send to station B. The frame is unsuccessful two times and succeeds on the third try. Draw a flowchart for this problem. Assume that the R is 1 and 2 respectively and ignore the time for sending a jamming signal.Question 9 Suppose Host A wants to send a large file to Host B. The path from Host A to Host B has three links, of rates R1 = 1,024 kbps, R2 = 2,048 kbps, and R3 = 10 Mbps. Assuming no other traffic in the network, how long (in seconds) will it take to transfer a 50 KiB file? Disregard propagation, processing, and queuing delays. Full explain this question and text typing work only We should answer our question within 2 hours takes more time then we will reduce Rating Dont ignore this line