1 Temperature And Heat 2 The Kinetic Theory Of Gases 3 The First Law Of Thermodynamics 4 The Second Law Of Thermodynamics 5 Electric Charges And Fields 6 Gauss's Law 7 Electric Potential 8 Capacitance 9 Current And Resistance 10 Direct-current Circuits 11 Magnetic Forces And Fields 12 Sources Of Magnetic Fields 13 Electromagnetic Induction 14 Inductance 15 Alternating-current Circuits 16 Electromagnetic Waves Chapter1: Temperature And Heat
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1CYU: Check Your Understanding Does a given reading on a gasoline gauge indicate more gasoline in cold... Problem 1.2CYU: Check Your Understanding Two objects A and B have the same dimensions identically. A is of a... Problem 1.3CYU: Check Your Understanding If 25 kJ is necessary to raise the temperature of a rock from 25 to 30 ,... Problem 1.4CYU: Check Your Understanding Explain why a cup of water (or soda) with ice cubes stays at 0 , even on a... Problem 1.5CYU: Check Your Understanding Why does snow Often remain even when daytime temperature are higher than... Problem 1.6CYU: Check Your Understanding Name an example from daily life (different from the text) for each... Problem 1.7CYU: Check Your Understanding How does the rate of heat transfer by conduction change when all spatial... Problem 1.8CYU: Check Your Understanding Explain why using a fan in the summer feels refreshing. Problem 1.9CYU: Check Your Understanding How much greater is the rate of heat radiation when body is at the... Problem 1CQ: What does it mean to say that two systems are in thermal equilibrium? Problem 2CQ: Give an example in which A has some kind of non-thermal equilibrium relationship with B, and B has... Problem 3CQ: If a thermometer is allowed to come to equilibrium with the air, and a glass of water is not in... Problem 4CQ: Give an example of a physical property that varies with temperature and describe how it is used to... Problem 5CQ: Pouring cold water into hot glass or ceramic cookware can easily break it. What causes the breaking?... Problem 6CQ: One method of getting a tight fit, say of a metal peg in a hole in a metal block, is to manufacture... Problem 7CQ: Does it really help to run hot water over a tight metal lid on a glass jar before trying to open it?... Problem 8CQ: When a cold alcohol thermometer is placed in a hot liquid, the column of alcohol goes down slightly... Problem 9CQ: Calculate the length of a 1-meter rod of a material with thermal expansion coefficient a when the... Problem 10CQ: Noting the large stresses that can be caused by thermal expansion, an amateur weapon inventor... Problem 11CQ: How is heat transfer related to temperature? Problem 12CQ: Describe a situation in which heat transfer occurs. Problem 13CQ: When heat transfers into a system, is the energy stored as heat? Explain briefly. Problem 14CQ: The brakes in a car increase in temperature by T when bringing the car to rest from a speed v. How... Problem 15CQ: A pressure cooker contains water and steam in equilibrium at a pressure greater than atmospheric... Problem 16CQ: As shown below, which is the phase diagram for carbon dioxide, what is the vapor pressure of solid... Problem 17CQ: Can carbon dioxide be liquefied at room temperature (20 If so, how? If not, why not? (See the phase... Problem 18CQ: What is the distinction between gas and vapor? Problem 19CQ: Heat transfer can cause temperature and phase changes. What else can cause these changes? Problem 20CQ: How does the latent heat of fusion of water help slow the decrease of air temperatures, perhaps... Problem 21CQ: What is the temperature of ice right after it is formed by freezing water? Problem 22CQ: If you place 0 ice into 0 water in an insulated container, what will the net result be? Will there... Problem 23CQ: What effect does condensation on a glass of ice water have on the rate at which the ice melts? Will... Problem 24CQ: In Miami, Florida, which has a very humid climate and numerous bodies of water nearby, it is unusual... Problem 25CQ: In winter, it is often warmer in San Francisco than in Sacramento, 150 km inland. In summer, it is... Problem 26CQ: Freeze-dried foods have been dehydrated in a vacuum. During the process, the food freezes and must... Problem 27CQ: In a physics classroom demonstration, an instructor inflates a balloon by mouth and then cools it in... Problem 28CQ: Mechanisms of Heat Transfer What are the main methods of heat transfer from the hot core of Earth to... Problem 29CQ: When our bodies get too warm, they respond by sweating and increasing blood circulation to the... Problem 30CQ: Shown below is a cut-away drawing of a thermos bottle (also known as a Dewar flask), which is a... Problem 31CQ: Some electric stoves have a flat ceramic surface with heating elements hidden beneath. A pot placed... Problem 32CQ: Loose-fitting white clothing covering most of the body, shown below, is ideal for desert dwellers,... Problem 33CQ: One way to make a fireplace more energy-efficient is to have room air circulate around the outside... Problem 34CQ: On cold, clear nights horses will sleep under the cover of large trees. How does this help them keep... Problem 35CQ: When watching a circus during the day in a large, dark-colored tent, you sense significant heat... Problem 36CQ: Satellites designed to observe the radiation from cold (3 K) dark space have sensors that are shaded... Problem 37CQ: Why are thermometers that ale used in weather stations shielded from the sunshine? What does a... Problem 38CQ: Putting a lid on a boiling pot greatly reduces the heat transfer necessary to keep it boiling.... Problem 39CQ: Your house will be empty for a while in cold weather and want to save energy and money. Should you... Problem 40CQ: You pour coffee into an unlidded cup, intending to drink it 5 minutes later. You can add cream when... Problem 41CQ: Broiling is a method of cooking by radiation, which produces somewhat different results from cooking... Problem 42CQ: On a cold winter morning, why does the metal of a bike feel colder than the wood of a porch? Problem 43P: While traveling outside the United States, you feel sick. A companion gets you a thermometer, which... Problem 44P: What are the following temperatures on the Kelvin scale? (a) 68.0 F, an indoor temperature sometimes... Problem 45P: (a) Suppose a cold front blows into your locale and drops the temperature by 40.0 Fahrenheit... Problem 46P: An Associated Press article on climate change said, "Some of the ice shelf 's disappearance was... Problem 47P: (a) At what temperature do the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales have the same numerical value? (b) At... Problem 48P: A person taking a reading of the temperature in a freezer in Celsius makes two mistakes: first... Problem 49P: The height of the Washington Monument is measured to be 170.00 m on a day when the temperature is... Problem 50P: How much taller does the Eiffel Tower become at the end of a day when the temperature has increased... Problem 51P: What is the change in length of a 3.00-cm-long column of mercury if its temperature changes from... Problem 52P: How large an expansion gap should be left between steel railroad rails if they may reach a maximum... Problem 53P: You are looking to buy a small piece of land in Hong Kong. The price is "only"' $60,000 per square... Problem 54P: Global warming will produce rising sea levels partly due to melting ice caps and partly due to the... Problem 55P: (a) Suppose a meter stick made of steel and one made of aluminum ale the same length at 0 C. What is... Problem 56P: (a) If a 500-mL glass beaker is filled to the brim with ethyl alcohol at a temperature of 5.00C, how... Problem 57P: Most cars have a coolant reservoir to catch radiator fluid that may overflow when the engine is hot.... Problem 58P: A physicist makes a cup of instant coffee and notices that, as the coffee cools, its level drops... Problem 59P: The density of water at 0 C is very nearly 1000 kg/m3 (it is actually 999.84 kg/m3), whereas the... Problem 60P: Show that =3a , by calculating the infinitesimal change in volume dT of a cube with sides of length... Problem 61P: Calorimetry On a hot day, the temperature of an 80,000-L swimming pool increases by 1.50 . What is... Problem 62P: To sterilize a 50.0-g glass baby bottle, we must raise its temperature from 22.0 to 95.0 . How much... Problem 63P: The same heat transfer into identical masses of different substances produces different temperature... Problem 64P: Rubbing your hands together warms them by converting work into thermal energy. If a woman rubs her... Problem 65P: A 0.250-kg block of a pule material is heated from 20.0 to 65.0 by the addition of 4.35 kJ of... Problem 66P: Suppose identical amounts of heat transfer into different masses of copper and water, causing... Problem 67P: (a) The number of kilocalories in food is determined by calorimetry techniques in which the food is... Problem 68P: Following vigorous exercise, the body temperatureof an 80.0 kg person is 40.0 C. At what rate in... Problem 69P: In a study of healthy young men[1], doing 20 push-ups in 1 minute burned an amount of energy per kg... Problem 70P: A 1.28-kg sample of water at 10.0 is in a calorimeter. You drop a piece of steel with a mass of... Problem 71P: Repeat the preceding problem, assuming the water is in a glass beaker with a mass of 0.200 kg, which... Problem 72P: How much heat transfer (in kilocalories) is required to thaw a 0.450-kg package of frozen vegetables... Problem 73P: A bag containing 0 ice is much more effective in absorbing energy than one containing the same... Problem 74P: (a) How much heat transfer is required to raise the temperature of a 0.750-kg aluminum pot... Problem 75P: Condensation on a glass of ice water causes the ice to melt faster than it would otherwise. If 8.00... Problem 76P: On a trip, you notice that a 3.50-kg bag of ice lasts an average of one day in your cooler. What is... Problem 77P: On a certain dry sunny day, a swimming pool 's temperature would rise by 1.50 if not for... Problem 78P: (a) How much heat transfer is necessary to raise the temperature of a 0.200-kg piece of ice from... Problem 79P: In 1986, an enormous iceberg broke away from the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica. It was an... Problem 80P: How many grams of coffee must evaporate from 350 g of coffee in a 100-g glass cup to cool the coffee... Problem 81P: (a) It is difficult to extinguish a fire on a crude oil tanker, because each liter of crude oil... Problem 82P: The energy released from condensation in thunderstorms can be very large. Calculate the energy... Problem 83P: To help prevent frost damage, 4.00 kg of water at 0 is sprayed onto a fruit tree. (a) How much heat... Problem 84P: A 0.250-kg aluminum bowl holding 0.800 kg of soup at 25.0 is placed in a freezer. What is the final... Problem 85P: A 0.0500-kg ice cube at 30.0 is placed in 0.400 kg of 35.0- water in a very well-insulated... Problem 86P: If you pour 0.0100 kg of 20.0 water onto a 1.20-kg block of ice (which is initially at 15.0 what... Problem 87P: Indigenous people sometimes cook in watertight baskets by placing hot locks into water to bring it... Problem 88P: What would the final temperature of the pan and water be in Example 1.7 if 0.260 kg of water were... Problem 89P: (a) Calculate the rate of heat conduction through house walls that are 13.0 cm thick and have an... Problem 90P: The rate of heat conduction out of a window on a winter day is rapid enough to chill the air next to... Problem 91P: Calculate the rate of heat conduction out of the human body, assuming that the core internal... Problem 92P: Suppose you stand with one foot on ceramic flooring and one foot on a wool carpet, making contact... Problem 93P: A man consumes 3000 kcal of food in one day, converting most of it to thermal energy to maintain... Problem 94P: A firewalker runs across a bed of hot coals without sustaining burns. Calculate the heat transferred... Problem 95P: (a) What is the rate of heat conduction through the 3.00-cm-thick fur of a large animal having a I... Problem 96P: A warms transfers energy by conduction through its blubber at the rate of 150 W when immersed in ... Problem 97P: Compare the rate of heat conduction through a 13.0-cm-thick wall that has an area of 10.0 m2 and a... Problem 98P: Suppose a person is covered head to foot by wool clothing with average thickness of 2.00 cm and is... Problem 99P: Some stove tops are smooth ceramic for easy cleaning. If the ceramic is 0.600 cm thick and heat... Problem 100P: One easy way to reduce heating (and cooling) costs is to add extra insulation in the attic of a... Problem 101P: Many decisions are made on the basis of the payback period: the time it will take through savings to... Problem 102AP: In 1701, the Danish astronomer Ole Rømer proposed a temperature scale with two fixed points,... Problem 103AP: What is the percent error of thinking the melting point of tungsten is 3695 instead of the correct... Problem 104AP: An engineer wants to design a structure in which the difference in length between a steel beam and... Problem 105AP: How much stress is cleated in a steel beam if its temperature changes from 15 to 40 but it cannot... Problem 106AP: A brass rod (Y=90109N/m2), with a diameter of 0.800 cm and a length of 1.20 m when the temperature... Problem 107AP: A mercury thermometer still in use for meteorology has a bulb with a volume of 0.780 cm3 and a tube... Problem 108AP: Even when shut down after a period of normal use, a large commercial nuclear reactor transfers... Problem 109AP: You leave a pastry in the refrigerator on a plate and ask your roommate to take it out before you... Problem 110AP: Two solid spheres, A and B, made of the same material, are at temperatures of , and 100 ,... Problem 111AP: In some countries, liquid nitrogen is used on daily trucks instead of mechanical refrigerators. A... Problem 112AP: Some gun fanciers make their own bullets, which involves melting lead and casting it into lead... Problem 113AP: A 0.800-kg iron cylinder at a temperature of 1.00103 is dropped into an insulated chest of 1.00 kg... Problem 114AP: Repeat the preceding problem with 2.00 kg of ice instead of 1.00 kg. Problem 115AP: Repeat the preceding problem with 0.500 kg of ice, assuming that the ice is initially in a copper... Problem 116AP: A 30.0-g ice cube at its melting point is dropped into an aluminum calorimeter of mass 100.0 g in... Problem 117AP: (a) Calculate the rate of heat conduction through a double-paned window that has a 150-m2 area and... Problem 118AP: (a) An exterior wall of a house is 3 m tall and 10 m wide. It consists of a layer of drywall with an... Problem 119AP: For the human body, what is the rate of heat transfer by conduction through the body's tissue with... Problem 120AP: You have a Dewar flask (a laboratory vacuum flask) that has an open top and straight sides, as shown... Problem 121AP: An infrared heater for a sauna has a surface area of 0.050 m2 and an emissivity of 0.84. What... Problem 122AP: (a) Deter-nine the power of radiation from the Sun by noting that the intensity of the radiation at... Problem 123CP: A pendulum is made of a rod of length L and negligible mass, but capable of thermal expansion, and a... Problem 124CP: At temperatures of a few hundred kelvins the specific heat capacity of copper approximately follows... Problem 125CP: In a calorimeter of negligible heat capacity, 200 g of steam at 150 and 100 g of ice at 40 are... Problem 126CP: An astronaut performing an extra-vehicular activity (space walk) shaded from the Sun is wearing a... Problem 127CP: The goal in this problem is to find the growth of an ice layer as a function of time. Call the... Problem 128CP: As the very first rudiment of climatology, estimate the temperature of Earth. Assume it is a perfect... Problem 129CP: Let's stop ignoring the greenhouse effect and incorporate it into the previous problem in a very... Problem 119AP: For the human body, what is the rate of heat transfer by conduction through the body's tissue with...
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A person inhales and exhales 2.00 L of 37.0ºC air, evaporating 4.00×10−2 g of water from the lungs and breathing passages with each breath. (a) How much heat transfer occurs due to evaporation in each breath?metabolic rates. Will this breathing be a major form of heat transfer for this person?
Chemical pathways by which living things function, especially those that provide cellular energy, such as the transformation of energy from food into the energy of ATP. Metabolism also focuses on chemical pathways involving the synthesis of new biomolecules and the elimination of waste.
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