A polluted lake contains 3 x 10 toxic Poisonum nasticum cells per milliliter. Assuming these grew logarithmically with a doubling time of 10 hr from an initial group of cells introduced to the lake, choose the equation that would calculate how many cells per milliliter were originally introduced into the lake 50 hr ago (N¡). N; = (3 x 107) / 25 cells N¡ = (3 x 107) x 210 cells N¡ = (3 x 107) × 25 cells Nj = (3 x 107) / 210 cells None of the above are correct
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- a. For an exponentially growing population, calculate μmax (units?) based on the data belowb. Calculate the specific growth rate (μ) of the population above growing at a substrate concentration of 25 mg/L according to Monod kinetics with a ks of 50 mg/L.c. Consider two genetically engineered organisms intended for use in the cleanup of hydrocarbon spills into the ocean. Bacterium alpha has a μmax of 1 d-1 and a ks of 0.1 mg/L. Bacterium beta has a μmax of 5 d-1 and a ks of 5 mg/L. If the hydrocarbon concentration is initially 1000 mg/L and the desired objective is to reduce concentrations below 0.1 mg/L what order of addition of the bacterial species is desired?Calculate the generation time in a growth experiment in which a medium was inoculated with 5 X 106 cells/mL of E. coli cells and following a 1 hour lag, grew exponentially for 5 hours, after which the population was 5.4 X 109cells/mL(Please give clear handwritten answer) A medium containing an abundance of substrate was seeded with 20 mg/L VSS of an active mixed culture. After 8.0 hours, the VSS concentration was measured at 590 mg/L. Data indicate that there was a lag time of 0.5 hours. Assuming log growth, what is the average generation time of this culture?
- Use this graph showing the standard death curves of three microbial species to answer the following two questions. The three microbial species shown in the graph where all treated at 70° C. If you had to sterilize a food product that contained 107 bacteria, how long would it take for each bacterial species? Calculate the D70 values for these three bacterial populations. For the next three questions, assume D90 = 22 minutes. At what temperature will you treat a food product? How long does it take you to kill 90% of bacteria? How long will it take you to sterilize a food product if it had 109 bacteria on it? Serial Dilutions 6a. A sample is given to you that contains 6 million cells per ml. You must make a series of serial dilutions in order to get a countable number on a plate to prove that there are indeed 6 million cells per ml. The plate that you eventually put a sample of bacteria on must have between 10 and 100 colonies for ease of counting. What…Strain X. spp. is a rod-shaped, anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium with peritrichous flagella andpili that could use glucose and dye as its sole carbon source. Answer the following sections (a, band c).a) With a doubling time of 240 minutes and a starting population size of 10 bacteria cells. Howmany bacteria cells will be present after 72 hours, assuming no cell death?b) Draw the diagram and describe motility required for the bacteria to gradient concentrationof attractant (food)?Disinfectants, be they heat or radiation or chemicals, usually kill a constant proportion of the cells present per unit time if the cells are all equally susceptible. Hence, the term ‘log kill.’ The probability of death is constant over time given a ‘single hit.’ The more cells present at the start, the greater the number killed per unit time and the longer it will take to kill them ‘all.’ One decimal reduction is one log place (exponent). Log Nt = Log N0 – t/D. D is the time required for a log kill. A suspension of 105 CFU/mL of Salmonella is treated with bleach, and 90% of the cells are dead after 10 minutes. How many viable cells per mL would you expect after 30 minutes? Yes, the 30 minutes here implies 3 logs of killing. This is an excellent problem to use with the Death Equation because you can reason it through first, and then solve it using the equation.
- Strain X. spp. is a rod-shaped, anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium with peritrichous flagella and pili that could use glucose and dye as its sole carbon source. Answer the following sections (a, b and c). a) With a doubling time of 240 minutes and a starting population size of 10 bacteria cells. How many bacteria cells will be present after 72 hours, assuming no cell death? b) Draw the diagram and describe motility required for the bacteria to gradient concentration of attractant (food)? c) Draw the diagram of the up flow packed-bed column biofilm reactor under continuous operation and label completelyTwo microorganisms that use naphthalene as a food source have the same Umax but different Ks values for naphthalene. If both types of microorganisms are inoculated at the same cell density into a liquid culture containing naphthalene as the sole carbon source (i.e. the only food source), which microorganism will outcompete the other: the one with the higher Ks or the one with the lower Ks. Why?.Why is an isotonic buffered extraction medium used to isolate the chloroplasts? 1.To gently lyse the chloroplasts, leaving the electron transport membranes intact, whilst allowing DCPIP access 2.To maintain a constant acidic pH and favourable hyper-osmotic conditions, to ensure that the chloroplasts remained intact and functional during extraction 3.To gently separate the chloroplasts from each other, leaving the electron transport membranes intact, whilst allowing DCPIP access 4.To maintain a constant physiological pH and favourable iso-osmotic conditions, to ensure that the chloroplasts remained intact and functional during extraction.