A principle of biology is that living organisms interact withtheir environment. Such interactions include potentiallythreatening environmental factors such as pathogens. Distinguishbetween three types of pathogens that affect the health of animals.

Q: it is said that if you know your enemies and know yourself, you will not be imperiled in a hundred…

A: Foodborne illness and allergies are characterized by showing symptoms of immune based pathology…

Q: The use of actual living organisms in medicaltreatments is sometimes called “biotherapy.”Can you…

A: Biotherapy is used to treat so many diseases but most importantly, it is used in the treatment of…

Q: Which is not one of the four elements of the body by colonial doctors? Bones O Phlegm O Blood O…

A: Hippocrates was the person who postulated the idea of humorism in medicine. He believed that there…

Q: Match the periods of disease with their characteristics:  incubation period prodomal period…

A: Pathophysiology is referred to as distorted physiological processes that are associated with disease…

Q: Explain the mechanisms within organisms that protectthem from damage from toxic substances.

A: A toxic substance is a substance that is synthesised by plants, animals, microorganisms that have…

Q: Which of the following statements correctly compares/contrasts the ways in which antibiotics and…

A: The ways in which antibiotics and antibodies interact with the cells of pathogens that they can…

Q: Organisms respond to__________ . Organisms acquire and use __________and ____________from the…

A: All organisms share various key features like sensitivity, order, or response towards the…

Q: What happens to an immunized person when a disease spreads through a population? (Hint: In the…

A: There is a term called herd immunity or population immunity. This immunity is a type of indirect…

Q: Which of the following would be the easiest to eradicate?a) A pathogen that is common in wild…

A: Answer is b.) A disesase that occurs exclusively in humans, always resulting in obvious symptoms.

Q: Predict how each of the following could reducehost resistance to infection:a. bone marrow damageb.…

A: Host resistance is widely characterized as the ability of the host to reduce the stress of the…

Q: Which of your body’s nonspecific host defenses would help fight a pathogen entering your body…

A: There are several non-specific host defense mechanisms in our body to counteract the evasion of…

Q: Define the following terms and give one example for each: (a) Commensalism (b) Parasitism (c)…

A: Commensalism- it is a relationship between individuals of two species in which one species obtains…

Q: The following are uses of epidemiology, excep O To describe the characteristics of a disease O To…

A: Epidemiology is the study of incidence, distribution and control of disease or various factors…

Q: What are the major ports of entry? O skin, soil, animals. O mucous membranes, skin, placenta,…

A: Various opening in the body is present from where any bacteria and virus can be transmited inside…

Q: For which sort of infection would quarantine not help control the spread of a disease through a…

A: The disease are mainly caused by virus, bacteria, parasite or by other physiological imbalance. All…

Q: The application of evolution to understanding disease is widespread and productive. What is the…

A: Evolution refers to the change in the species characteristics over several generations. Evolution…

Q: Do you expect that an infectious pathogen suchas the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus or theHIV virus…

A: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms that are invisible to the naked eye. The microorganisms…

Q: High numbers of “good” bacteria are foundin the intestine and on the skin. The immune system needs…

A: All cells have distinguishing markers on their surfaces. A portion of the markers is made of…

Q: . Poisons, bacterial invasions, and allergies are examples of A. Types of direct causes of…

A: Poisons, bacterial invasion and allergies can affect animal body adversely and can cause…

Q: Compare and contrast the diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, protozoans and parasitic worms. Which…

A: Infectious Diseases are caused by tiny microscopic organisms called pathogens like bacteria,…

Q: Which of the following host cell components or processes can be "hijacked" for use by an invading…

A: Viruses are paradoxically dead entities outside the cell. Whenever they enter the cell of host, they…

Q: The way a disease progresses in the absence of medical or public health intervention is often called…

A: Disease progression is dependant on various factors such  Type of disease (communicable and non…

Q: ch statement best describes an immune response? )It always produces antibiotics It usually involves…

A: Immune system is the versatile defence system which protects the body from infection and it is cell…

Q: When organisms that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully,…

A: The theory given by Charles Darwin's for evolution by natural selection states that organisms which…

Q: How does the immune response of the human body differ from a bacterial infection vs. an invasion of…

A: Immune system is composed of cells, organs and proteins. It protects our body from harmful…

Q: During a major infection, you often get a high fever because _____.

A: Major infection, you often get a high fever because

Q: how do insects defend themselve

A: Insects are crucial components of many ecosystems, where they perform many important functions. They…

Q: The function of red blood cells is to Select one: A. defend the body against infectious organisms.…

A: Cell can be defined as the structural, functional, and biological unit of all known organisms.

Q: An HIV patient suffers from pneumonia, an opportunistic infection commonly associated with HIV. This…

A: A wide range of microorganisms can cause opportunistic infections. These pathogens can spread in a…

Q: Foreign cells and tissues, allergens, and the body's own cells that it fails to recognize as normal…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: ........ functional barrier that prevents passage of antibiotics, and toxins from the blood to…

A: The nervous system is the complex part which consists of network of nerve cells and fibers that is…

Q: When an arthropod bites and injects a pathogen into the new host, this route of infection is…

A: Pathogens are the microbes that cause disease in its host.

Q: When mammals get infection t he or internal body temperature often rise to 2 to 3degrees Celsius .…

A: Introduction :- Mammary glands, which produce milk for nourishing their young in females, a…

Q: In regards to the SIR model, which of the following parameters can human behavior change in order to…

A: In a closed community, a SIR model computes the theoretical number of people infected with an…

Q: Under which condition(s) can a disease become an epidemic? Choose all that apply. Ro = = 0.8 Ro = 1…

A: R0, which is known as “R naught,” is a mathematical term that indicates how contagious is an…

Q: Give the pros and the cons of using stem cell in today's way of treating diseases. Give an opinion…

A: Stem cells can differentiate and become any cells that combine to form organs and tissues of the…

Q: A pathogen is * O a white blood cell that destroys disease. a special protein that helps fight…

A: An organism is referred to as a living thing that has an organized structure, can react to stimuli,…

Q: Cell markers play an important role in the immune system. Which of the following BEST characterizes…

A: Cell markers play an important role in the immune system. Immune cell markers are cell surface…

Q: The relationship between humans and the gut microbes that live in humans can be bestdescribed as a:…

A: Mutualism can be defined as any relationship  between two organism such that neither of them can…

Q: Other than bacteria list the other 6 types of

A: Introduction The word micro-organism is composed of two separate words "micro" which means small…

Q: Which of the following would not help a virus avoid triggeringan adaptive immune response?(A) having…

A: Immune system is system which helps our body to fight against the foreign substances which will…

Q: An example/examples of a nonspecific chemical barrier to infectionis/area. unbroken skin b. lysozyme…

A: The human body tend to defend the invasion of several pathogens through various barriers. The immune…

Q: A key result of the pandemic has been the increased scrutiny of scientific research by a broader…

A: Introduction - Despite our public health response to the pandemic's shortcomings, the biomedical…

Q: Which of the following sudden changes might be a result of an infection? a. increase in the…

A: Infection occurs when viruses, bacteria, or other microbes (mainly the foreign partical- the…

Q: Prevalence is... the number of people that died from particular disease. the number of new cases of…

A: Introduction: The term epidemiology refers to the study of the distribution frequency (person,…

Q: Hay fever, also called allergic rhinitis, is a common ailment in the spring. People who experience…

A: Hay fever or allergic rhinitis is manifested in the spring when air is loaded with pollen.

Q: Is an organism named Hookworm is a Can adapt and acquire immunity to pathogens?

A: Animal physiology is the systematic study of the supporting features, roles, and processes of…

Pathogenicity

Infection and Transmission

The infections are generated by the pathogenic organisms present in the environment. They maintain the capacity to invade a host body and establish colonies. A disease caused by such infectious agents is called a communicable disease or transmissible disease. These diseases spread through diverse means including blood, food, water, air, or vectors.