A private equity fund invests $100 million in a venture company that is sold for $130 million. It also invests $100 million in an LBO that goes poorly and is liquidated for $80 million. 1. If the carried interest incentive fee for the GP is 20% and there is no clawback provision, what is the investor's return after incentive fees, assuming the investment outcomes are realized in the same year: a under an American-style (deal-by-deal) waterfall structure? b. under a European-style (whole-of-fund) waterfall structure?
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- Optimal Capital Structure with Hamada Beckman Engineering and Associates (BEA) is considering a change in its capital structure. BEA currently has $20 million in debt carrying a rate of 8%, and its stock price is $40 per share with 2 million shares outstanding. BEA is a zero-growth firm and pays out all of its earnings as dividends. The firm’s EBIT is $14,933 million, and it faces a 40% federal-plus-state tax rate. The market risk premium is 4%, and the risk-free rate is 6%. BEA is considering increasing its debt level to a capital structure with 40% debt, based on market values, and repurchasing shares with the extra money that it borrows. BEA will have to retire the old debt in order to issue new debt, and the rate on the new debt will be 9%. BEA has a beta of 1.0. What is BEA’s unlevered beta? Use market value D/S (which is the same as wd/ws when unlevering. What are BEA’s new beta and cost of equity if it has 40% debt? What are BEA’s WACC and total value of the firm with 40% debt?COST OF CAPITAL Coleman Technologies is considering a major expansion program that has been proposed by the companys information technology group. Before proceeding with the expansion, the company must estimate its cost of capital. Suppose you are an assistant to Jerry Lehman, the financial vice president. Your first task is to estimate Colemans cost of capital Lehman has provided you with the following data, which he believes may be relevant to your task. The firms tax rate is 25%. The current price of Colemans 12% coupon, semiannual payment, noncallable bonds with 15 years remaining to maturity, is 1.153.72. Coleman does not use short-term, interest-bearing debt on a permanent basis. New bonds would be privately placed with no flotation cost. The current price of the firms 10%, 100.00 par value, quarterly dividend, perpetual preferred stock is 111.10. Colemans common stock is currently selling for 50.00 per share. Its last dividend (D0) was 4.19, and dividends are expected to grow at a constant annual rate of 5% in the foreseeable future. Colemans beta is 1.2, the yield on T-bonds is 7%, and the market risk premium is estimated to be 6%. For the bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach, the firm uses a risk premium of 4%. Colemans target capital structure is 30% debt, 10% preferred stock, and 60% common equity. To structure the task somewhat, Lehman has asked you to answer the following questions: a. 1. What sources of capital should be included when you estimate Colemans WACC? 2. Should the component costs be figured on a before-tax or an a after-tax basis? 3. Should the costs be historical (embedded) costs or new (marginal) costs? b. What is the market interest rate on Colemans debt and its component cost of debt? c. 1. What is the firms cost of preferred stock? 2. Colemans preferred stock is riskier to investors than its debt, yet the preferreds yield to investors is lower than the yield to maturity on the debt Does this suggest that you have made a mistake? (Hint: Think about taxes) d. 1. Why is there a cost associated with retained earnings? 2. What is Colemans estimated cost of common equity using the CAPM approach? e. What is the estimated cost of common equity using the DCF approach? f. What is the bond-yield-plus-risk-premium estimate for Colemans cost of common equity? g. What is your final estimate for rs? h. Explain in words why new common stock has a higher cost than retained earnings. i. 1. What are two approaches that can be used to adjust for flotation costs? 2. Coleman estimates that if it issues new common stock, the flotation cost will be 15%. Coleman incorporates the flotation costs into the DCF approach. What is the estimated cost of newly issued common stock, considering the flotation cost? j. What is Colemans overall, or weighted average, cost of capital (WACC)? Ignore flotation costs. k. What factors influence Colemans composite WACC? l. Should the company use the composite WACC as the hurdle rate for each of its projects? Explain.ABC CAPITAL is a hedge fund with $300 million of initial investment capital. They charge a 2 percent management fee based on assets under management and a 20 percent incentive fee. In its first year, ABC Capital has a 20 percent return. Assume management fees are calculated using beginning-of-period valuation. 1. What are the fees earned by ABC if the incentive and management fees are calculated independently? What is an investor’s effective return given this fee Structure? 2. What are the fees earned by ABC assuming that the incentive fee is calculated based on return net of the management fee? What is an investor’s net return given this fee structure? 3. If the fee structure specifies a hurdle rate of 5 percent and the incentive fee is based on returns in excess of the hurdle rate, what are the fees earned by ABC assuming the performance fee is calculated net of the management fee? What is an investor’s net return given this fee structure? 4. In the second year, the fund value…
- ABC CAPITAL is a hedge fund with $300 million of initial investment capital. They charge a 2 percent management fee based on assets under management at year- end and a 20 percent incentive fee. In its first year, ABC Capital has a 80 percent return. Assume management fees are calculated using end-of-period valuation. 1. What are the fees earned by ABC if the incentive and management fees are calculated independently? What is an investor’s effective return given this fee Structure? 2. What are the fees earned by ABC assuming that the incentive fee is calculated based on return net of the management fee? What is an investor’s net return given this fee structure? 3. If the fee structure specifies a hurdle rate of 5 percent and the incentive fee is based on returns in excess of the hurdle rate, what are the fees earned by ABC assuming the performance fee is calculated net of the management fee? What is an investor’s net return given this fee structure? 4. In the second year, the fund…If a Venture Capital fund with $10 million committed capital, charges 2.5% management fee per year for 10 years, and 20 percent (20%) carried interest with a basis of committed capital. If the fund earns a 2 times return on its investment. What is the IRR for Limited Partners if General Partners need to return committed capital before sharing the profit?Wanbay Corporation is interested in estimating its additional financing needed to support a growth in sales next year. Last year, revenues were RM1million; net profit margin was 6 percent; investment in assets was RM750,000; payables and accruals were RM100,000; stockholders’ equity at the end of the year was RM450,000. The venture did not pay out any dividends and does not expect to pay dividends for the future. Calculate the additional fund needed (AFN) next year to support a 30 percent increase in sales.
- Citadel LLC is one of largest hedge fund firms in the United States. Citadel now holds $360 billion in its hedge fund account. Citadel charges a 2% management fee based on assets under management at year end, and a 20% incentive fee. In its first year, Citadel appreciates 19.20%. Calculate the investor’s net return. Assume that management fees are calculated using end-of-period valuation, the performance fee is calculated net of the management fee, and no hurdle rate on its performance. A. 13.45% B. 17.25% C. 21.25% D. 24.65%Charming Miracle Co. is trying to decide how best to finance a proposed P10,000,000 capital investment. Under Plan I, the project will be financed entirely with long-term 9% bonds. The firm currently has no debt or preferred stock. Under Plan II, common stock will be sold at P20 a share; presently, 1,000,000 shares are outstanding. The corporate tax rate is 40%. REQUIRED: Calculate the indifference level of EBIT associated with the two financing plans. Which financing plan would you expect to cause the greatest changes in EPS relative to a change in EBIT? Why? If EBIT is expected to be P3,100,000, which plan will result in a higher EPS?A firm has two possible investments with the following cash inflows. Each investment costs $435, and the cost of capital is seven percent. Use Appendix B and Appendix D to answer the questions. Assume that the investments are not mutually exclusive and there are no budget restrictions. Cash Inflows Year A B 1 $ 270 $ 170 2 140 170 3 100 170 Based on each investment’s net present value, which investment(s) should the firm make? Use a minus sign to enter negative values, if any. Round your answers to the nearest dollar. Investment A: $ Investment B: $ The firm should make . Based on each investment’s internal rate of return, which investment(s) should the firm make? Round your answers to the nearest whole number. Investment A: % Investment B: % The firm should make . Is this the same answer you obtained in part b? It the same answer as obtained in part b. If the cost of capital were to increase to 9 percent, which investment(s) should the firm…
- You have made a $400,000 investment in a hedge fund that has a 2/20 fee structure. The fund has a total of $25 million of assets under management and provides a return of 10% in the first year. Assume that management fees are paid at the beginning of each year and performance fees are paid at the end of each year in which they are applicable. How much will you pay in management and performance fees for the year? Multiple Choice A)$1,000; $10,250 B)$1,000; $10,700 C)$8,000; $10,250 D)$8,000; $6,240 E)$6,240; $9,000The Omega Corporation has some excess cash it would like to invest in marketable securities for a long-term hold. Its Vice-President of Finance is considering three investments: (a) Treasury bonds at a 7 percent yield; (b) corporate bonds at a 12 percent yield; or (c) preferred stock at an 8 percent yield. Omega Corporation is in a 35 percent tax bracket and the tax rate on dividends is 20 percent.a-1. Compute the aftertax yields for the three investment options. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Input your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.) After Tax Yields % a. Treasury bonds b. Corporate bonds c. Preferred Stock8. Daleel plc is trying to introduce an improved method of assessing investment projects using discounted cash flow techniques. For this it has to obtain a cost of capital to use as a discount rate. The finance department has assembled the following information: – The company has an equity beta of 0.80, which may be taken as the appropriate adjustment to the average risk premium. The yield on risk-free government securities is 6.5 per cent and the historic premium above the risk-free rate is estimated at 5 per cent for shares. – The market value of the firm’s debt is thrice the value of its equity. – The cost of borrowed money to the company is estimated at 12 per cent (before tax shield benefits). – Corporation tax is 35 per cent. Assume: No inflation. Create an estimate of the weighted average cost of capital (WACC).