A process furnace heats a process stream from near ambient temperature to a desired temperature of 300°C. The process stream outlet temperature is regulated by manipulating the flow rate of fuel gas to the furnace, as shown below, Process Fluid Inlet Process Fluid Outlet TM Temperature Controller Temperature Setpoint TC Fuel Gas Discuss the objectives of this control strategy. What is the measured output? What is the manipulated input? What are possible disturbances? Is this a feed-forward or feedback controller?

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KVL and KCL

KVL stands for Kirchhoff voltage law. KVL states that the total voltage drops around the loop in any closed electric circuit is equal to the sum of total voltage drop in the same closed loop.

Sign Convention

Science and technology incorporate some ideas and techniques of their own to understand a system skilfully and easily. These techniques are called conventions. For example: Sign conventions of mirrors are used to understand the phenomenon of reflection and refraction in an easier way.