A proof by mathematical induction is supposed to show that a given property is true for every integer greater than or equal to an initial value. In order for it to be valid, the property must be true for the initial value, and the argument in the inductive step must be correct for every integer greater than or equal to the initial value. Consider the following statement. For every integer n2 1, 3" - 2 is even. The following is a proposed proof by mathematical induction for the statement. Since the property is true for n = 1, the basis step is true. Suppose the property is true for an integer k, where k a 1. That is, suppose that 3* - 2 is even. We must show that 3**- 2 is even. Observe that 3k +1-2 = 3k . 3 - 2 = 3*(1 + 2) - 2 = (3* - 2) + 3*. 2. Now 3* - 2 is even by inductive hypothesis, and 3*- 2 is even by inspection. Hence the sum of the two quantities is even by (Theorem 4.1.1). It follows that 3* *- 2 is even, which is what we needed to show. Identify the error(s) in the proof. (Select all that apply.) O The inductive hypothesis is assumed to be true. O 3* - 2 is odd by the inductive hypothesis. O 3* +1-2+ (3k – 2) + 3* - 2 O The property is not true for n = 1. O (3k - 2) + 3k . 2 = 3*(1 + 2) – 2
A proof by mathematical induction is supposed to show that a given property is true for every integer greater than or equal to an initial value. In order for it to be valid, the property must be true for the initial value, and the argument in the inductive step must be correct for every integer greater than or equal to the initial value. Consider the following statement. For every integer n2 1, 3" - 2 is even. The following is a proposed proof by mathematical induction for the statement. Since the property is true for n = 1, the basis step is true. Suppose the property is true for an integer k, where k a 1. That is, suppose that 3* - 2 is even. We must show that 3**- 2 is even. Observe that 3k +1-2 = 3k . 3 - 2 = 3*(1 + 2) - 2 = (3* - 2) + 3*. 2. Now 3* - 2 is even by inductive hypothesis, and 3*- 2 is even by inspection. Hence the sum of the two quantities is even by (Theorem 4.1.1). It follows that 3* *- 2 is even, which is what we needed to show. Identify the error(s) in the proof. (Select all that apply.) O The inductive hypothesis is assumed to be true. O 3* - 2 is odd by the inductive hypothesis. O 3* +1-2+ (3k – 2) + 3* - 2 O The property is not true for n = 1. O (3k - 2) + 3k . 2 = 3*(1 + 2) – 2
College Algebra (MindTap Course List)
12th Edition
ISBN:9781305652231
Author:R. David Gustafson, Jeff Hughes
Publisher:R. David Gustafson, Jeff Hughes
Chapter8: Sequences, Series, And Probability
Section8.5: Mathematical Induction
Problem 42E
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Transcribed Image Text:A proof by mathematical induction is supposed to show that a given property is true for every integer greater than or equal to an initial value. In order for it to be valid, the property must be true for the initial value, and the argument in the inductive step must be correct for every
integer greater than or equal to the initial value.
Consider the following statement.
For every integer n 2 1, 3" - 2 is even.
The following is a proposed proof by mathematical induction for the statement.
Since the property is true forn = 1, the basis step is true. Suppose the
property is true for an integer k, where k 2 1. That is, suppose that 3* - 2
is even. We must show that 3* *-- 2 is even. Observe that
3k +1 - 2 = 3k. 3 - 2 = 3(1 + 2) - 2
= (3k - 2) + 3k.2.
Now 3k - 2 is even by inductive hypothesis, and 3* . 2 is even by
inspection. Hence the sum of the two quantities is even by
(Theorem 4.1.1). It follows that 3* +1- 2 is even, which is what we
needed to show.
Identify the error(s) in the proof. (Select all that apply.)
O The inductive hypothesis is assumed to be true.
O 3k - 2 is odd by the inductive hypothesis.
O 3* +1 - 2+ (3* - 2) + 3* - 2
O The property is not true for n = 1.
O (3k - 2) + 3k . 2 + 3*(1 + 2) – 2
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