A silicon wafer has a doping concentration of 1 x 10¹6 phosphorus atoms/cm³. (a) Determine the conductivity of the wafer. (b) What concentration of boron atoms must be added to the wafer to make the conductivity equal to 5.0 (2 cm)-¹?

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Solar Cell

A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is a device that converts light into electricity directly through a photovoltaic effect, i.e., a physical and chemical event. It is a type of electromagnetic cell, defined as being used for its electrical properties, current, voltage, or resistance, which vary when exposed to light. Everyday cellular gadgets are usually the building blocks of photovoltaic modules, collectively known as solar panels. Single junction silicon solar cell can generate an open circuit of about 0.5 to 0.6 volts.