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- A 2.5-cm-OD, 2-cm-ID copper pipe carries liquid oxygen to the storage site of a space shuttle at -183Cand0.04m3/min. The ambient air is at 21C and has a dew point of 10C. How much insulation with a thermal conductivity of 0.02 W/m K is needed to prevent condensation on the exterior of the insulation if hc+h=17W/m2 K on the outside?Water at a temperature of 77C is to be evaporated slowly in a vessel. The water is in a low-pressure container surrounded by steam as shown in the sketch below. The steam is condensing at 107C. The overall heat transfer coefficient between the water and the steam is 1100W/m2K. Calculate the surface area of the container that is required to evaporate water at a rate of 0.01 kg/s. Problem 1.16Most automobiles have a coolant reservoir to catch radiator fluid that may overflow when the engine is hot. Such a radiator, made of copper, is filled to its 12-L capacity when at 10.0°C. -What volume of radiator fluid, in liters, will overflow when the radiator and fluid reach their 99.5°C operating temperature, given that the fluid’s thermal coefficient of volume expansion is 400.0 × 10-6 / °C? The coefficient of volume expansion for copper is 5.1 × 10-5 /°C.
- A copper rod whose diameter is 2 cm and length 50 cm have one end in boiling water, the other end in a jacket cooled by flowing water which enters at 10oC. The thermal conductivity of the copper is 0.102 kCal/m-soC. If 0.20 kg of water flows through the jacket is 6 min, by how much does the temperature of the water increase?As part of an industrial pipe system a 6-meter-long by .5 meter inner diameter copper pipeweighing 200kg holds a lubricating oil in place while is heats from 20 deg C to 55 deg C. At thatpoint, the valve opens and allows to oil to flow through. What is the total heat transferrequired? And, what percentage of the heat transferred does the oil and copper each accountfor? (oil density = .9 kg/L , oil specific heat = 1800 J/kgC)Write the formulas briefly explaining the heat transfer mechanisms.
- Discuss the concept of real-time thermal monityoring system.What refrigeration capacity in TOR is required to cool 2000 cfm of air from 85°F to 70°F? If the specific heat ratio (k) and specific gas constant (R) of air are 1.4 and 0.28708 kJ/kg-K, respectively.A long 3-mm diameter rod of steel (ρ = 7840 kg/m3, c = 460 J/kgK, k = 43 W/mK)has a uniform initial temperature of 650C. The rod is then suddenly immersed in alarge container of 25C water. The hot rod causes the water immediately surroundingthe rod to boil, giving rise to a heat transfer coefficient of 5600 W/m2K. The boilingstops when the rod reaches a temperature of 100C, at which time the heat transfercoefficient becomes 750 W/m2K. Find the time period during which boiling occursand the total time required for the rod to reach a temperature of 40C. Use acharacteristic length for this problem.
- 350 pipes are fixed as square in a pipe bundle used for condenser. PipeThe outer diameters are 8 mm and the steam at 0.2 bar is desired to be condensed on the pipes. pipe outer The surface temperature is kept constant at 30 °C. If the length of the pipes is 1.5 m, the heat transferred in the systemCalculate the amount of energy and the amount of condensed steamWrite legibly, provide manual step by step solution, and diagram for below given problem. Saturated steam at 500oK flows in a 0.20 m inside diameter, 0.21 m outside diameter pipe. The pipe is covered with 0.08 m of insulation with a thermal conductivity of 0.10 W/m-K. The pipe’s conductivity is 52 W/m-K. The ambient temperature is 300oK. The unit convective coefficients are h1 = 18,000 W/m2-K and ho = 12 W/m2-K. Determine the heat loss from 4 m of pipe. a. 778.21 watts b. 825.80 watts c. 830. 80 watts d. 835.80 wattsAn electric windshield defroster is used to remove 0.25-in of ice from a windshield. The properties of the ice are Tsat = 328F, uif = hif = 144 Btu/lbm, and v = 0.01602 ft3/lbm. Determine the electrical energy required per square foot of windshield surface area to melt this ice and remove it as liquid water at 328F. What is the minimum temperature at which the defroster may be operated? Assume that no heat is transferred from the defroster or ice to the surroundings.