A siren mounted on a tower emits a sound whose (i) One way that the Doppler effect can arise is that the wavelength of the sound changes. For either the direct or reflected sound, does the wavelength change? (ii) Why does the driver hear a frequency for the reflected sound that is different from 2140 Hz, and is it greater or smaller than 2140 Hz? (iii) Why does the driver hear a frequency for the direct sound that is different from 2140 Hz, and is it greater or smaller than 2140 Hz? Calculations: What frequency does the person hear for the (a) Reflected (b) Direct sound?

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Shock Waves

Shock waves are common in continuum mechanics, and their dominance is attributable to the fact that they are stronger (or even less) compressible. Substantial perturbations propagated as sudden dynamic changes of a compressible medium supersonically. Shock waves are all around us in our daily lives. Lightning, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and meteorite impact all produce them in nature. Even the earth, which is protected by its magnetic field, generates a shock wave as in solar wind that travels around 20 Earth radiuses. These shock waves might be either constant, linked to the body, or unsteady, i.e., moving around with time. All of the shocks mentioned above can be damaging, so precautions must be taken to reduce their impact.