A smooth, vertical wall retains a 7 m-high granular backfill with the ground level being horizontal. The water table lies at a depth of 3 m from the top. The friction angle of the backfill is 32°. The bulk and saturated unit weights of the soils are 16.5 kN/m3 and 18.0 kN/m3, respectively. Assuming the soil is in the active state, determine the magnitude and location of the horizontal thrust on the wall.

7.11 For an anisotropic clay deposit the results from unconfined compression tests were Sui=30=) = 102 kN/m¯ and Suli=60°) = 123 kN/m². Find the anisotropy coefficient K of the soil based on the Casagrande-Carillo equation [Eq. (7.52)]. %3D Dry'sand e = 0.6 G, = 2.65, G.W.T. 5 m 16 m Normally consolidated clay 19.1 kN/m3 Ysat %3D

A thin clay layer passes through the soil at an angle of 30° behind an 8m high gravity retaining wall. A structure 5m wide, applying a uniform stress of 40kPa to the sandy soil, also acts on this section of soil as shown in Figure 3.1. The properties of the clay are ??=25???, ∅?=0, ?′=0 and ∅′=20°. The sandy soil properties are ?′=0, ∅′=35°, ????=16??/?2, ????=20??/?2, and between the sand and the wall the properties are ?′?=0 and ∅′?=30°. Assuming that failure occurs along the clay layer, use Coulomb’s method to calculate the horizontal force required from the wall in the short term to prevent slip.