A thick oak wall, initially at 25°C, is suddenly exposed to combustion products for which T = 800°C and h = 20 W/m².K. Determine the time of exposure required, in s, for the surface to reach the ignition temperature of 400°C. Evaluate the properties of the oak (cross grain) at 300 K. t = S
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- A substance has a melting point of 20°C and a heat of fusion of 2.4 × 10 to power of ((4)) J/kg. The boiling point is 150°C and the heat of vaporization is 4.8 × 10 to power of ((4)) J/kg at a pressure of 1.0 atm. The specific heats for the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases are 600 J/(kg • K), 1000 J/(kg • K), and 400 J/(kg • K), respectively. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 3.00 kg of the substance from 9°C to 98°C, at a pressure of 1.0 atm, is closest toIn a drying process, the moisture content of 35 kg of food will be reduced from 82% to 6%. The air used for drying enters the dryer at 80 ° C and exits at 70 ° C. 130 kg of saturated steam is used at 105 ° C to heat the air. The food enters the dryer at 25 ° C and exits at 60 ° C. Calculate the drying efficiency for an adiabatic operating dryer, as the ambient air temperature is 20 ° C. (Specific temperature of the food = 3.30 kj / kg ° C) A.) 17% B.) 12% C.) 33% D.) 30% E.) 25%A nuclear power station is situated in Coal Valley, which is a roughly rectangular valley that is 5 km long, 2 km wide, and 200 m deep. You have been asked to evaluate the effects of a worst-case scenario where the reactor housing fails, and radiation is released to the atmosphere. In your evaluation, you determine that 120 kg of Iodine-131 (a radioisotope that causes thyroid gland and liver damage) could be released into the atmosphere. Assuming the release of Iodine-131 was very rapid and all of it was uniformly distributed through the valley’s atmosphere with none escaping the valley, what would the concentration of Iodine-131 be in the valley’s air? Your answer should be expressed in units of ppm(v), and you may assume an atmospheric pressure of 1.0 atm and a temperature of 20oC. 2. Assuming the Iodine-131 concentration you calculated in part (a) is the initial concentration in the valley, you now want to determine the time it will take for the concentration to decrease to…
- Consider a cylindrical furnace 8 m long and 1.0 m in diameter. For a wall with a temperature of 500 K, determine the absorptivity of the combustion gases and the net heat exchanged by radiation with the walls. Inside the furnace the pressure is 2 atm (abs) and the temperature is 800 K. The volumetric composition of the gases is: N2 = 70%, H20 = 12%, 02 = 8%, CO2 = 10%. Consider the gas emissivity of Eg = 0.54, and the correction factors Cw = 1.42 and C. = 1.2. Assume: a) that the combustion gases behave like an ideal gas; b) all surfaces inside the furnace behave as a black body; c) the presence of soot particles (or ash) is insignificant.A substance has a melting point of 20°C and a heat of fusion of 3.5 × 104 J/kg. The boiling point is 150°C and the heat of vaporization is 7.0 × 104 J/kg at a pressure of 1.0 atm. The specific heats for the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases are 600 J/(kg • K), 1000 J/(kg • K), and 400 J/(kg • K), respectively. The quantity of heat given up by 0.50 kg of the substance when it is cooled from 170°C to 88°C, at a pressure of 1.0 atmosphere, is closest tTransient cooling What heat transfer mechanisms are being ignored, at least as possibilites, and where would they occur?
- Problem 1: Determine the amount of heat removed from 1.5 kg of bologna (sausage) when cooled from 24C to -7C.Assume MC of 59% and at -7C, 22% won’t be frozen. Problem 2: Estimate the thermal diffusivity of butter at 20°C.A large piece of biological tissue has to be kept at a temperature as low as possible without freezing (ice formation). The water in the tissue has several solutes dissolved in it and the effective molecular weight of the dissolved solutes is 50. The weight of all dissolved solutes combined is 10% of the weight of water. The latent heat of fusion of water is 335 kJ/kg and the molecular weight of water is 18. What is the lowest temperature that this tissue can be stored at, without ice formation?Transient cooling, What is the thermal length and why is it considered important in the transient cooling experiment
- Refrigerators make use of the heat absorption required to vaporize a volatile liquid. A fluorocarbon has a molar heat of vaporization of 26.0 kJ/mol at 250K and 750 torr. Calculate Q,W, ΔH and ΔU when 1 mole is vaporized at his temperature and pressure.The global average sensible heat flux is 17 W/m2. Use the following information to estimate the latent heat flux in units of W/m2. The annual global precipitation amount is about 520×1012 m3/yr. The latent heat of vaporization for water is 2.5×103 kJ/kg and the radius of the Earth is 6400 km. What is the global annual average latent heat flux?During hot summer weather, many people put “koozies” around their beverages to keep the drinks cold. In addition to preventing a warm hand from heating the container through conduction, what other mechanisms slow the process of warming beverages?