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A В C D E F G Trucks 20 28 35 40 43 45 Cars 54 52 49 43 35 25 How could the PPC shift to the left?

Microeconomics

13th Edition

ISBN:9781337617406

Author:Roger A. Arnold

Publisher:Roger A. Arnold

Chapter2: Production Possibilities Frontier Framework

Section2.1: The Production Possibilities Frontier

Problem 2ST

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Welfare Analysis

Welfare analysis of the society is related to welfare economics. From the economic point of view former welfare economics refers to that subject which uses the techniques of microeconomics to analyse and evaluate the welfare at the economic or aggregate level.

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Trucks
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Cars
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How could the PPC shift to the left?

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Although a production possibilities frontier is usually drawnfor a country, one could be drawn for the world. Picture theworld’s production possibilities frontier. Is the world positioned at a point on the PPF or below it? Give a reason foryour answer.
Suppose that in a year an American worker canproduce 100 shirts or 20 computers and a Chineseworker can produce 100 shirts or 10 computers.a. For each country, graph the productionpossibilities frontier. Suppose that without tradethe workers in each country spend half their timeproducing each good. Identify this point in yourgraphs.b. If these countries were open to trade, whichcountry would export shirts? Give a specificnumerical example and show it on your graphs.Which country would benefit from trade?Explain.c. Explain at what price of computers (in terms ofshirts) the two countries might trade.d. Suppose that China catches up with Americanproductivity so that a Chinese worker canproduce 100 shirts or 20 computers in a year. Whatpattern of trade would you predict now? Howdoes this advance in Chinese productivity affectthe economic well-being of the two countries’citizens?
France and Tunisia both have Mediterraneanclimates that are excellent for producing/harvestinggreen beans and tomatoes. In France it takes two hoursfor each worker to harvest green beans and two hours toharvest a tomato. Tunisian workers need only one hourto harvest the tomatoes but four hours to harvest greenbeans. Assume there are only two workers, one in eachcountry, and each works 40 hours a week.a. Draw a production possibilities frontier for eachcountry. Hint: Remember the productionpossibility frontier is the maximum that allworkers can produce at a unit of time which, inthis problem, is a week.b. Identify which country has the absoluteadvantage in green beans and which country hasthe absolute advantage in tomatoes.c. Identify which country has the comparativeadvantage.d. How much would France have to give up interms of tomatoes to gain from trade? How muchwould it have to give up in terms of green beans?
Brazil can produce 100 pounds of beef or 10 autos. In contrast the United States can produce 40 pounds of beef or 30 autos. Which country has the absolute advantage in beef? Which country has the absolute advantage in producingautos?WhatistheopportunitycostofproducingonepoundofbeefinBrazil?Whatistheopportunitycost of producing one pound of beef in the United States?
What would it mean if the production possibilities Frontier (PPF) were bowed inward (convex),as opposed to bowed outward (concave)? Clearly explain your answer, using diagrams and examples.
Kayla can cook dinner in 30 minutes and wash thelaundry in 20 minutes. Her roommate takes twiceas long to do each task. How should the roommatesallocate the work?a. Kayla should do more of the cooking based onher comparative advantage.b. Kayla should do more of the washing based onher comparative advantage.c. Kayla should do more of the washing based onher absolute advantage.d. There are no gains from trade in this situation.
In Japan, one worker can make 5 tons of rubber or 80 radios. In Malaysia, one worker can make 10 tons of rubber or 40 radios. a. Who has the absolute advantage in the production of rubber or radios? How can you tell? b. Calculate the opportunity cost of producing 80 additionalradiosinJapanandinMalaysia.(Your calculationmayinvolvefractions,whichisfine.) Which country has a comparative advantage in the production of radios? c. Calculate the opportunity cost of producing 10 additional tons of rubber in Japan and in Malaysia. Which country has a comparative advantage in producing rubber? d. In this example, does each country have an absoluteadvantageandacomparativeadvantage in the same good? e. InwhatproductshouldJapanspecialize?Inwhat product should Malaysia specialize?
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