A vertical piston–cylinder device initially contains 0.12 m3 of helium at 20°C. The mass of the piston is such that it maintains a constant pressure of 200 kPa inside. A valve is now opened, and helium is allowed to escape until the volume inside the cylinder is decreased by one-half. Heat transfer takes place between the helium and its surroundings at 20°C and 95 kPa so that the temperature of helium in the cylinder remains constant. Determine the maximum work potential of the helium at the initial state.

Q: Refrigerant-134a at 140 kPa and –10°C is compressed by an adiabatic 0.5-kW compressor to an exit…

A: Given Data: Refrigerant type: R-134a The temperature of refrigerant at the entry of compressor is T1…

Q: A 5 L of saturated liquid water at a constant pressure of 150 kPa is contain in an insulated…

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Q: 3. Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 4MPA and 350°C and expands to 75 kPa with an isentropic…

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Q: Three kg of helium gas at 100 kPa and 27°C are adiabatically compressed to 900 kPa. If the…

A: Given data: The mass of helium is, m=3 kg The initial pressure of helium is, P1=100 kPa The initial…

Q: A 0.5-m3 rigid tank contains nitrogen gas at 600 kPa and 300 K. Now the gas is compressed…

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Q: Steam at 1000 kPa, a temperature of 300°C, and a velocity of 50 m/s. The steam leaves the turbine at…

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Q: Nitrogen gas is compressed from 80 kPa and 27°C to 480 kPa by a 10-kW compressor. Determine the mass…

A: Given: The initial pressure of the nitrogen gas in the compressor is P1=80 kPa The final pressure of…

Q: Steam enters a nozzle at 400°C and 800 kPa with a velocity of 10 m/s, and leaves at 300°C and 200…

A: Write the properties of steam at 800 kPa and 400°C. Write the properties of steam at 200 kPa and…

Q: The pressure of water is increased from 100 kPa to 900 kPa by a pump. The temperature of water also…

A: Given data as per question Initial pressure = 100 kpa Final pressure = 900 kpa Increase in pressure…

Q: Saturated steam at 0.16 MPa is compressed in irreversible adiabatic process with an efficiency of…

A: Given   Initial pressure, P1 = 0.16 MPa     Final pressure, P2 = 0.45 MPa Find   Final entropy, s2

Q: Water is contained in a closed rigid tank at an initial pressure of 1200 kPa. Heat transfer occurs…

A: Given data: -  The initial pressure is P1 = 1200 kPa. The final pressure is P2 = 7 MPa. The mass of…

Q: A mass of 25 lbm of helium undergoes a process from an initial state of 50 ft3 /lbm and 60°F to a…

A: Given data as per question mass of helium = 25 lbm

Q: A 1200-W electric resistance heating element whose diameter is 0.5 cm is immersed in 40 kg of water…

A: The data given is, Total power of the electric heater, P = 1200 W The diameter of element, d = 0.5…

Q: Is it possible to create entropy? Is it possible to destroy it?

A: Entropy is the degree of randomness associated with energy. Although entropy is an intensive…

Q: Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 8 MPa, 550°C, and 57 (m/s and leaves at 60 kPa, 150°C, and 140…

A: Given: Inlet pressure (P1)=8MPa Inlet temperature (T1)=550°C Exit pressure (P2)=60kPa Exit…

Q: A piston–cylinder device initially contains 15 ft3 of helium gas at 25 psia and 70°F. Helium is now…

A: Given data: Initial volume, V1 = 15 ft3 Initial pressure, P1 = 25 psia Initial temperature, T1 =…

Q: An insulated piston–cylinder device contains 5 L of saturated liquid water at a constant pressure of…

A: Given: The volume of water, V = 5 L The pressure of water, P = 150 kPa The energy required to…

Q: The inner and outer surfaces of a 4-m × 10-m brick wall of thickness 20 cm are maintained at…

A: Given: The inner surface temperature of the brick wall is T1 = 16 °C. The outer surface temperature…

Q: Air at 27°C and 100 kPa is contained in a piston– cylinder device. When the air is compressed…

A: Given, T1 = 27°C = 27+273 = 300 K P1 = 100 kPa T1 = 27°C = 27+273=300°K W = 1000 kJ P2 = 600 kPa m=?…

Q: Specific volume of superheated steam at 10kPa and 150°c b. Internal energy of superheated steam at…

A: Given data  To find the following  a. Specific volume of superheated steam at 10kPa and 150°cb.…

Q: Steam enters a turbine steadily at 3 MPa and 450°C at a rate of 8 kg/s and exits at 0.2 MPa and…

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Q: Refrigerant-134a at 100 kPa and –10°C is compressed by an adiabatic compressor to 600 kPa and 50°C.…

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Q: Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 8 MPa and 500°C at a rate of 3 kg/s and leaves at 20 kPa. If…

A: Given, P1 = 8 MPa T1 = 500°C  P2 = 20 kPa = 0.02 MPa m = 3 kg/s W = 2.5 MW = 2.5 x 103 kW T2 =?

Q: A piston–cylinder device initially contains 0.6 kg of steam with a volume of 0.1 m3 . The mass of…

A: Given Data: Initial mass of steam is m1 = 0.6 kg. Initial volume of steam is V1 = 0.1 m3. Initial…

Q: Steam enters a nozzle at 400°C and 800 kPa with a velocity of 10 m/s, and leaves at 3008C and 200…

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Q: An adiabatic diffuser at the inlet of a jet engine increases the pressure of the air that enters the…

A: Find the exit temperature     T2=T1(P2P1)κ-1κ= 30+46020111.4-111.4=581.3 R The Energy balance…

Q: Two rigid tanks are connected by a valve. Tank A is insulated and contains 0.3 m of steam at 400 kPa…

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Q: Air is compressed by an adiabatic compressor from 100 kPa and 12°C to a pressure of 800 kPa at a…

A: Given Data: The inlet pressure is P1 = 100 kPa. The inlet temperature is T1 = 12°C. The exit…

Q: Onekg of R-134a initially at 600 kPa and 25°C undergoes a process during which the entropy is kept…

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Q: During a steady flow process, the pressure of the working substance drops from 200 to 20 psia. The…

A: Given data, We will take all data in SI unit for convenience P1= 200 psia =1378.95 KPa P2= 20 psia…

Q: Explain the Reversible work relations for steady-flow and closed systems.

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Q: Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 5 MPa and 450°C and leaves at a pressure of 1.4 MPa. Determine…

A: Given data: The inlet pressure, P1 = 5 MPa. The outlet pressure, P2 = 1.4 MPa. The inlet…

Q: A 1.8kg/s of steam expands in a turbine producing 550 kW of power output. The steam enters at a…

A: Given : m=1.8 kg/sW=550 kWV1=18 m/sV2=70 m/sz1-z2=900 mmh1-h2=400 kJ/kg

Q: What is the minimum internal energy that steam can achieve as it is expanded adiabatically in a…

A: Given: The initial pressure of the steam, P1 = 1500 kPa The final pressure of the steam, P2 = 100…

Q: Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 5 MPa, 650 °C, and 80 m/s and leaves at 50 kPa, 150 °C, and 140…

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Q: Heat is transferred at a rate of 2 kW from a hot reservoir at 800 K to a cold reservoir at 300 K.…

A: Given Data Hot reservoir temperature TH=800K Cold reservoir temperature =TL=300K Q=2KW

Q: A rigid tank is divided into two equal parts by a partition. One part of the tank contains 5.5 kg of…

A: Here, the mass of the compressed liquid water in first part of the tank (where the compressed liquid…

Q: Two rigid tanks are connected by a valve. Tank A is insulated and contains 0.3 m3 of steam at 400…

A: Given data Pressure in rigid tank A is: PA=400 kPa. The quality of steam in tank A is: x=60%. The…

Q: Is it possible for the entropy change of a closed system to be zero during an irreversible process?…

A: No,it is not possible for the entropy change of a closed system to be zero during an irreverisible…

Q: Steam enters a turbine steadily at 7 MPa and 600°C with a velocity of 60 m/s and leaves at 25 kPa…

A: Given: Inlet conditions:P1=7 MPaT1=600°CV1=60 m/sA1=150 cm2Exit Conditions:P2=25 kPaQ=-20…

Q: Steam at 3 MPa and 400°C is expanded to 30 kPa in an adiabatic turbine with an isentropic efficiency…

A: Work done can be determined by using Steady flow energy equation Values from steam table at given…

Q: Determine the work required (in kJ/kg) for a pump that is used to increase the pressure of a liquid…

A: Given: P1 = 100 kPa   P2 = 1500 kPa ,    v = 0.001031 m3/kg Work required for pump to increase the…

Q: Consider steady heat transfer through a 5-m × 7-m brick wall of a house of thickness 30 cm. On a day…

A: Sgen=Sout-SinSgen=(QT)out-(QT)in Sgen=1035273+5-1035273+20Sgen=3.72302158-3.53242321Sgen=0.19 W/K

Q: Steam enters a nozzle at 400°C and 800 kPa with a velocity of 10 m/s, and leaves at 375°C and 400…

A: Solution:T1 = 400°C , P1 = 800 kPa   , V1 = 10 m/sT2 = 375°C , P2 = 400 kPa   , Q˙ = -25 kwA1 = 800…

Q: Argon gas enters an adiabatic compressor at 14 psia and 75°F with a velocity of 60 ft/s, and it…

A: Given Data⇒P1=14 PsiaP2=200 PsiaT1=75°F Data Assumption⇒ for argon assume γ=1.667

Q: 6. An insulated piston-cylinder device contains 0.05 m3 of saturated refrigerant- 134a vapor at…

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Q: Refrigerant-134a is compressed steadily from the saturated vapor state at 120 kPa to 1.6 MPa and 60…

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Work and Heat Transfer

It is generally related to thermal engineering which tells about the use, creation, conversion and transfer of heat energy between the systems. It is also considered that to transfer heat from one source to another, transfer of masses is also required. There are various mechanisms by which, transfer of heat takes place i.e. thermal conduction, convection, radiation or by change of phase. All these mechanisms have their own specific features which sometimes occur simultaneously within the same system.