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- Variations on a Theme by Mendel Pea plants usually have white or red flowers. A strange pea-plant variant is found that has pink flowers. A selfcross of this plant yields the following phenotypes: 30 red flowers 62 pink flowers 33 white flowers What are the genotypes of the parents? What is the genotype of the progeny with red flowers?More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of Independent Assortment Consider the following cross in pea plants, in which smooth pea shape is dominant to wrinkled, and yellow pea color is dominant to green. A plant with smooth yellow peas is crossed to a plant with wrinkled green peas. The offspring produced peas that were all smooth and yellow. What are the genotypes of the parents? What are the genotypes of the offspring?In Drosophila, the vestigial wings recessive allele,vg, causes the wings to be very small. A geneticistcrossed some true-breeding wild-type males to some vestigial virgin females. The male and female F1 flieswere wild type. He then allowed the F1 flies to matewith one another and found that 1/4 of the male andfemale F2 flies had vestigial wings. He dumped thevestigial F2 flies into a morgue and allowed the wildtype F2 flies to mate and produce an F3 generation.a. Give the genotype and allele frequencies amongthe wild-type F2 flies.b. What will be the frequencies of wild-type andvestigial flies in the F3?c. Assuming the geneticist repeated the selection againstthe vestigial F3 flies (that is, he dumped them in amorgue and allowed the wild-type F3 flies to mate atrandom), what will be the frequency of the wild-typeand mutant alleles in the F4 generation?d. Now the geneticist lets all of the F4 flies mate atrandom (that is, both wild-type and vestigial fliesmate). What will be the…
- The Drosophila chromosome 4 is extremely small;virtually no recombination occurs between genes onthis chromosome. You have available three differentlymarked chromosome 4s: one has a recessive allele ofthe gene eyeless (ey), causing very small eyes; one hasa recessive allele of the cubitus interruptus (ci) gene,which causes disruptions in the veins on the wings;and the third carries recessive alleles of both genes.Drosophila adults can survive with two or three, butnot with one or four, copies of chromosome 4.a. How could you use these three chromosomes tofind Drosophila mutants with defective meiosescausing an elevated rate of nondisjunction?b. Would your technique allow you to discriminatenondisjunction occurring during the first meioticdivision from nondisjunction occurring during thesecond meiotic division?The Drosophila chromosome 4 is extremely small;virtually no recombination occurs between genes onthis chromosome. You have available three differentlymarked chromosome 4s: one has a recessive allele ofthe gene eyeless (ey), causing very small eyes; one hasa recessive allele of the cubitus interruptus (ci) gene,which causes disruptions in the veins on the wings;and the third carries recessive alleles of both genes.Drosophila adults can survive with two or three, butnot with one or four, copies of chromosome 4.a. How could you use these three chromosomes tofind Drosophila mutants with defective meiosescausing an elevated rate of nondisjunction?b. Would your technique allow you to discriminatenondisjunction occurring during the first meioticdivision from nondisjunction occurring during thesecond meiotic division?c. What progeny types would you expect if a flyrecognizably formed from a gamete produced bynondisjunction were testcrossed to a fly homozygous for a chromosome 4 carrying both ey…Let’s suppose that you have made a karyotype of a female fruit flywith red eyes and found that it has three X chromosomes insteadof the normal two. Although you do not know its parents, you doknow that this fly came from a mixed culture of flies in whichsome had red eyes, some had white eyes, and some had eosin eyes.Eosin is an allele of the same gene that has white and red alleles.Eosin is a pale orange color. The red allele is dominant and thewhite allele is recessive. The expression of the eosin allele, however, depends on the number of copies of the allele. When femaleshave two copies of this allele, they have eosin eyes. When femalesare heterozygous for the eosin allele and the white allele, they havelight-eosin eyes. When females are heterozygous for the red alleleand the eosin allele, they have red eyes. Males that have a singlecopy of the eosin allele have eosin eyes.You cross the XXX red-eyed female with a white-eyed male andcount the numbers of offspring. You may assume that…
- in Drosophila, the gene w specifies eye color. Widy pe allele w+ gives red eyes and is dominant me Sives rocal v species white ye cool. with me led t gives red and in is type allie m+ gives normal wing whereas the recessive allele m specifies miniature wing. Both genes are on the X chromosome. If you cross a female fly (red eye, normal wing) with a male fly (white eye, miniature wing), you get a total of 100 progeny, 41 red eye + miniature wing, 45 white eye + normal wing, 6 white eye, miniature wing, and 8 red eye, normal wing. In each category, both males and female are present, at roughly equal proportions. a). Which ones are parental types and which ones are recombinants? b). Are the two mutant alleles w and m in cis or in trans in the female parent? Why? c). What is the genetic distance between the two genes? Please show your calculations. d). A third gene vg on the X chromosome is 3 cM apart from the w gene. Please draw out two possible orders of the three genes on the X…As a Drosophila research geneticist, you keep stocksof flies of specific genotypes. You have a fly that hasnormal wings (dominant phenotype). Flies with shortwings are homozygous for a recessive allele of thewing-length gene. You need to know if this fly withnormal wings is pure-breeding or heterozygous forthe wing-length trait. What cross would you do todetermine the genotype, and what results would youexpect for each possible genotype?In Drosophila, a cross (cross 1) was made between twomutant flies, one homozygous for the recessive mutationbent wing (b) and the other homozygous for the recessivemutation eyeless (e). The mutations e and b are alleles oftwo different genes that are known to be very closelylinked on the tiny autosomal chromosome 4. All the progeny had a wild-type phenotype. One of the female progeny was crossed with a male of genotype b e/b e ; we willcall this cross 2. Most of the progeny of cross 2 were of theexpected types, but there was also one rare female ofwild-type phenotype.a. Explain what the common progeny are expected tobe from cross 2.b. Could the rare wild-type female have arisen by (1)crossing over or (2) nondisjunction? Explain.
- In Drosophila, the two mutations Stubble bristles (Sb) and curledwings (cu) are linked on chromosome III. Sb is a dominant gene that is lethal in a homozygous state, and cu is a recessive gene. Ifa female of the genotype Sb cu+ + is to be mated to detect recombinants among her offspring, whatmale genotype would you choose as her mate?Using Drosophila notation: A.) Diagram the genotype of a female fly that is recessive for apterus (ap, chromosome 2), heterozygous wild-type for black (b, chromosome 2), recessive for forked (f, x-chromosome), and homozygous wild type for rosy (ry, chromosome 3). B.) Diagram the genotype of a male fly that is heterozygous for clot (ct) eyes (an autosomal gene) and has yellow (y) body color (x-linked gene).When Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed his red-eyed F1 generation flies to each other, the F2 generation includedboth red- and white-eyed flies. Remarkably, all the white-eyed flies were male. What was the explanation forthis result? a. The gene involved is on the X chromosomeb. The gene involved is on the Y chromosomec. The gene involved is on an autosome, but only in malesd. Other male-specific factors influence eye color in fruit fliese. None of these is correct
