A. Discuss the composition and function of the following parts of a flagellate 1. Flagella 2. Sucking disc 3. Axostyle 4. Axoneme B. What is the importance of siderophil granules in T. vaginalis? C. What are factors that affect the acquisition of the different trichomonads? D. Discuss STEATORRHEA as a common finding in Gardiasis.
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- a. Why is listeriosis a serious problem even with refrigerated foods?b. Which groups are most at risk for serious complications?a. If a person returns from traveling afflicted with trypanosomiasisor leishmaniasis, is he or she generally infective to others?Explain.b. Explain why there is no malaria above 6,000 feet in altitude.c. Account for all of the protective effects offered by insecticidetreatedbednets.Case Study. An elderly man with influenza acquires a case ofpneumonia. Gram-positive cocci isolated from his sputum give beta-hemolysis on blood agar; the infection is very difficult to treat.Later, it is shown that the man shared a room with a patient with abone infection. Isolates from both infections were the same.a. What is the probable species?b. Justify your answer.c. What treatment will be necessary?d. What special precautions should be taken by persons attending tothe patient? Why?
- a. Describe the life cycle and host range of Toxoplasma gondii.b. How are humans infected?c. What are the most serious outcomes of infection?Select a factor or factors that favor the invasion and growth ofPseudomonas aeruginosa in the lungs.a. fimbriae b. mucoid glycocalyx c. blockage of host defenses. d. b and c e. a, b, and ca. Why does syphilis have such profound effects on the human body?b. Why is long-term immunity to syphilis so difficult to achieve?
- Case Study . Several persons working in an exercise gym acquired an acute disease characterized by fever, cough, pneumonia, and headache. Treatment with erythromycin cleared it up. The source was never found, but an environmental focus was suspected.a. What do you think might have caused the disease? b. People in a different gym got skin lesions after sitting in a redwood hot tub. Which pathogen could have caused that?Case Study . A journalist returning from a trip experienced severe fever, vomiting, chills, and muscle aches, followed by symptoms of meningitis and kidney failure. Early tests were negative for septicemia; throat cultures were negative; and penicillin was an effective treatment. Doctors believed the patient’s work in the jungles of South America was a possible clue to his disease. What do you think might have been the cause?All of the following are true about Clostridium tetani, thecausative agent of tetanus, EXCEPT:(a) They are spore-forming rods.(b) They are part of the normal bowel microflora of horses,cattle, and humans.(c) They produce a powerful exotoxin that mediates thedisease.(d) Their toxin elicits muscle stiffness, spasms, and paralysisin the victim.(e) They require oxygen to survive.
- Kindly answer the case study below:Diagnosis: Bacterial vaginosis Case Study:A 24-year-old woman notes vaginal itching and irritation with a slight discharge. Previously, she developed a yeast infection that was treated with over-the-counter medications and resolved. Thinking that this was a recurrence, she again self-treated. This time, however, the symptoms did not resolve, and now there is a pungent odor, along with a frothy discharge. She presents to her HMO for diagnosis, and the nurse practitioner takes a swab of the secretions to perform a rapid point-of-care test and microscopy. A wet mount of the swab demonstrates swimming protozoan with characteristic jerky motility. A stained smear also showed pear-shaped trophozoite with flagella.Case study presentation should include the following:1. Case2. Patient initials (Ex. 50-year-old man)3. History of the present illness (Symptoms and may include the physical exam of the patient)4. Chief Complaints (Ex. Morning stiffness in his…Some patients who take antibiotics for acne develop yeast infections of the mouth or genitourinary tract. ExplainWhich one of the following statements about bacterial vaginosis is false?a) It is the most common vaginal disease in women ofchildbearing age.b) In pregnant women, it is associated with premature delivery.c) Inflammation of the vagina is a constant feature of the disease.d) The vaginal microbiota shows a significant decrease inlactobacilli and a marked increase in anaerobic bacteria.e) The cause is unknown.