According to Robert Putnam, the rise of bowling alone represents the decline in the urban poverty rate the decline of community involvement and social isolation Urban population decline the growth of high tech suburban leisure activities
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V1.
According to Robert Putnam, the rise of bowling alone represents
the decline in the urban poverty rate
the decline of community involvement and social isolation
Urban population decline
the growth of high tech suburban leisure activities
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- Sadie T.M. Alexander (1898-1989) was the first black woman in the U.S. to receive a PhD in Economics (1921). Alexander wrote and spoke extensively on economic and racial justice. She emphasized that black Americans experienced disproportionate income losses during the Great Depression of the 1930s relative to white Americans and that income inequality may have contributed to the Depression: Our economy went into a downward spiral… because our distribution of income was such that the masses had no income to purchase goods and the investors refused to place their income and capital in industry because there was no one with money to buy the products. (Alexander 1945 as cited in Banks 2008). She also objected to high unemployment: She saw it as leading to heightened discrimination against black workers and argued in favor of “the right of all individuals to earn a decent living” (circa 1930s/40s as cited in Banks 2008). Is Alexander’s position on the ethics of labor market and income…Poverty is measured by the number of people who fall below a certain level of income—called the poverty line—that defines the income one needs for a basic standard of living. The official definition of the poverty line traces back to Group of answer choices A)The Great Depression B)Mollie Orshansky, whose idea was to define a poverty line based on the cost of a healthy diet. C)1953 and the ability to pay for housing and food. D)The 1965 cost of providing food, housing, and transportation.1. A government economist, Mollie Orshanky, first calculated this in 1963 by multiplying the cost of a very minimal diet by 3, as a 1955 government study had determined that the typical American family spent 1/3 of its income on food. Group of answer choices a. episodic poverty b. popularity index c. welfare line d. poverty line
- Nearly One-Third of U.S. Workers Make Less than $15 an Hour Source: Leslie Albrect, MarketWatch.com, March 23, 2022 At a time when the prices of groceries, gas and other essentials have soared to new heights, nearly one- third of U.S workers earn "poverty-level wages" of less than $15 an hour. That's according to a new data analysis from the global poverty charity Oxfam, which found that 51.9 million U.S. workers make less than $15 an hour, or $31,200 a year. "It's shameful that at a time when many U.S. companies are boasting record profits, some of the hardest working people in this country especially people who keep our economy and society functioning - are struggling to get by and falling behind." said the report's author, Kaitlyn Henderson, senior research advisor at Oxfam America. " Women and people of color are "vastly overrepresented" in these low-wage jobs, the report found, with 47% of Black people making less than $15 an hour versus 26% of white people. Some 50% of working…Your friend points to the wages earned by your economics professor and her teaching assistant (TA) as an example of income inequality. Your tenured professor earns $120,000$120,000, drives a BMW, and vacations in Europe, whereas your TA earns $10,000$10,000 per year, rides a bike, and vacations at his mom's house. Because they both teach for a living, your friend argues that this income inequality is not just. Which reply uses the economic life cycle to respond to your friend's argument? Your professor has more bargaining power than your TA and, therefore, has higher earnings. Your professor and TA earn different amounts now but they will have similar earnings over the course of their lives. Your professor was once a TA, and your TA will one day make better money. Your professor has many more responsibilities than your TA and is, therefore, paid more. Older workers typically have more expenses than younger workers due to the high cost of healthcare and other costs…The following table shows income distribution data for 2015 and 2020 from the World Bank in Colombia and Dominican Republic respectively Quintile Colombia Colombia Dominican Republic Dominican Republic 2015 2020 2015 2020 Lowest 20% 3.8 2.8 5 6.2 Second 20% 7.9 7.4 9.3 10.7 Third 20% 12.5 11.9 13.8 14.9 Fourth 20% 20 19.6 20.9 21.7 Highest 20% 55.8 58.3 51 46.5 1. Consider a 12-person economy where the individuals are employed equally across thesectors. If the modern urban wage = £8, the informal urban wage = £3, and the traditionrural income = £1, what is the squared poverty gap index (P2) given that the poverty line= £1.25? Suppose that rural income now rises to £2, other things being equal, how wouldyou characterise and show this type of growth?
- Summarize what has happened tothe incidence of poverty since 1960, anddetermine when and why the greatestprogress was made in reducing poverty (InCome Differences) List some reasons why householdincomes differ. Which factors are the mostimportant?Consider an illustrative economy with the following five incomes: {10, 15, 25, 45, 50}. Calculate the Gini coefficient. Construct a table with the values for the Lorenz curve (use 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% thresholds)The table below is an illustration of Pareto efficiency criterion after the implementation of a state income policy in some selected Ministries . Before policy. After policy Ministry A. 400 800 Ministry B. 200 200 Ministry C . 300 300 Total. 900 1300 With reference to the table, explain Pareto optimality.
- Complete the following table to help you determine the poverty rate in Perkopia in 2019. To do this, begin by determining the total income of all individuals in each quintile using the fact that total annual income in the economy is $500,000,000. Next, determine the income of an individual in each quintile by dividing the total income of that quintile by the number of people in that quintile. (Hint: Recall that Perkopia has a population of 10,000 people.) Finally, determine whether the individual income for each quintile falls below the poverty line of $28,000. Quintile Share of Income in 2019 Total Income Individual Income Below Poverty Line? (Percent) (Dollars) (Dollars) Lowest 4.0 Second 10.0 Middle 16.0 Fourth 23.0 Highest 47.0 Using the information in this table, the poverty rate in Perkopia in 2019 is . Suppose that the government introduces a welfare program in…Which set of policies is more likely to cause a tradeoff between economic output and equality: policies of redistribution policies aimed at the ladder of opportunity? Explain how the production possibility frontier tradeoff between economic equality and output might look in each case.Answer this question under 100 words and draw a Lorenz graph to explain it. In the Financial Times’ article “How the pandemic is worsening inequality” (31 Dec 2020) we can read: “About 600m people work globally in the hardest-hit sectors such as hospitality and retail [...]. In addition, the informal economy has been hard-hit – and that is where some of the world’s most vulnerable workers are employed. [...] At the height of the pandemic-induced surge in unemployment, joblessness among people aged 15 to 24 in OECD countries was 7.5 percentage points higher than the start of this year, whereas among those aged 25 and over it rose by 3.2 percentage points. Pandemic-induced job losses have potentially long-lasting consequences: people who start their career during a recession experience lower earnings for a decade after graduation. [...] Around the world, relatively privileged workers have avoided the worst of the pandemic’s economic impact. Up to 40 per cent of those in the ILO’s top…
