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Activity #1. Compare and Contrast. Similarities and differences of Venus, Earth and Mars. Do this on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Compare and contrast the three (3) terrestrial planets using table 1. 2. Provide explanations for your observations using table 2. 3. Answer the following guide questions. Guide questions: 1. Does planet size affect gravity? 2. Why do you think Venus has the

Activity #1. Compare and Contrast. Similarities and differences of Venus, Earth and Mars. Do this on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Compare and contrast the three (3) terrestrial planets using table 1. 2. Provide explanations for your observations using table 2. 3. Answer the following guide questions. Guide questions: 1. Does planet size affect gravity? 2. Why do you think Venus has the

The Solar System
The Solar System
10th Edition
ISBN:9781337672252
Author:The Solar System
Publisher:The Solar System
Chapter17: Astrobiology: Life On Other Worlds
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 6P
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Activity #1. Compare and Contrast. Similarities and differences of Venus, Earth and Mars. Do this on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Compare and contrast the three (3) terrestrial planets using table 1. 2. Provide explanations for your observations using table 2. 3. Answer the following guide questions. Guide questions: 1. Does planet size affect gravity? 2. Why do you think Venus has the highest mean temperature among the three planets? 3. Is presence of water a primary factor for a planet to sustain life? Why or why not? 4. Based on your observations using table 2, what are the notable features that makes the earth the only habitable planet among the three terrestrial planets? 5. What conclusions can you make?
reactions necessary-1SoC to 11d * the planet as it erbits the Sun, in kilometers per second. Length of Day (hours) Average time in hours ker the Sun to move from the noon position in the sky at a point on the equator back to the same position. Global Magnetie Fleld Tells whether the planet has a measurable large-acale magretic field 2,802 24 24.7 No Yes No Table 2: Factors that Make a Planet Habitable (http://www.lpi.usra.edu/ education/explore/our_place/hab_ref_table.pdf) Factors that make Planet Habitable Not Enough of the Factor Too Much of the Factor Situation in the Solar System Just Right At about 125oC, protein and carbohydrate Low temperatures cause chemicals to react slowly, which interferes with the reactions necessary for life. It can also cause the freezing of water, making liquid water Surface: only the Life seems to be limited to a Earth's surface is in this temperature range. Sub surface: Temperature temperature range of molecules, and the -1Soc to 115oc. In influences how quickly atoms and molecules genetic material jeg the interior of the DNA and RNA) start to break apart. Alao, high temperatures cause the quick evaparation of water. Venus's atmosphere is 100times thicker this range, liquid water can still exist under certain conditions. solid planets and moons may be in this temperature range. move. unavailable e. Atmosphere Traps heat, shields the вurface from barmful radiation, and provides chemicals needed for lis such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Small planets and moons have Earth & Venus are the right size to hold a sufficient-sized than Earth's. It is atmosphere. Earth's atmosphere in about 100 miles thick. It keepe the surface an warm & protects it Of the solid planets & moons, only Earth, Venus, & Titan have significant atmospheres. Mars atmosphere is about 1/100ih that of Earth's, too small for significant insulation or shiekding. insufficient gravity to hold an atmosphere. The gas molecules escape to space, eaving the planet or moon without an from radiation & insulating blanket or a protective shield. made almost entirely of greenhouse gasses, making the surface too hot for life. The four giant planets are completely made of gas. small- to medium- sized meteorites. CATIONAL MEYCAUAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Senior High School Surface: Only Earth's surface has water, though Mars once had surface water and still has water ice in its polar ice caps. Saturn's moon, Titan, seems to be covered with liquid methane. The chemicals a cell needs for energy & growth are not dissolved or transported to Water Dinsolves & Too much water is Water is regularly available. Life can go not a problem, an dormant between wet long as it is not so periods, but, eventually, water needs to be available. chemistry of life transports chemicals toxie that it interferes Sub-surface: Mars & within and to with the some moons and from a cell the cell bave deposits of underground ice, which might melt to produce water. Europa, has a vast ocrans beneath its outer shell if ice. Light energy is a problem if it makes a planet too hot or if there are too many harmful rays, such as Surface: The inner planets get too much sunlight for life. The outer planets get too little. Sub-surface: Most salid planets a moons have energy- rich chemicals. When there is too little sunlight or too Sew of the Energy Organisma use light or chemical energy to run their life With a steady input of either light or chemical energy, cells can run the chemical reactions necessary for life. chemicala that provide energy to cells, such as iron or sulfur, organisms die. ultraviolet. Too many energy-rich chemicals are not a processes. problem Without chemicala to make proteina a carbohydrates, arganisma cannot grow. Planets without systems to deliver nutrients to chemical makeup, so circulation system, its organisms le.. nutrients are such as the constant Surface: Earth has a water cycle, an atmosphere, and valcanoes to circulate nutrients. Too many nutrienta All solid planets & moons have the same problem. Howerver, general are not a too active a o. Venus, Titan, lo, and Mars have Nutrients Used to build and i a water cycle or volcanic activity) cannot support life. Also, when nutrients are spread so thin that chemicals required they are hard to obtain, such as on a gas planet, life cannot exist. nutrients and ways to circulate them to present. Those with a volcanism on water cycle or volcanie activity can transport and replenish the Jupiter's moon, lo, or organisma. Sub-surface: Any planet or moon with sub-surface water or molten rock can circulate get enough nutrients. and replenish nutrients for maintain an the chuming atmoapheres of the gas planets, interferes with an organism's ability to organis m's body. by living organisms. organisma Keep this in Mind Planets' Mass, Diameter and Density Mass is how much matter the object contains. It is different from weight (W) because an object's weight is dependent on its mass (m) and how strongly gravity (g) pulls on it (W - mg). Mass stays the same regardless the location and gravity but weight changes depending on the planet you are in (NASA, 2020). And this is why scientists often measure an object's mass rather than its weight.
Transcribed Image Text:reactions necessary-1SoC to 11d * the planet as it erbits the Sun, in kilometers per second. Length of Day (hours) Average time in hours ker the Sun to move from the noon position in the sky at a point on the equator back to the same position. Global Magnetie Fleld Tells whether the planet has a measurable large-acale magretic field 2,802 24 24.7 No Yes No Table 2: Factors that Make a Planet Habitable (http://www.lpi.usra.edu/ education/explore/our_place/hab_ref_table.pdf) Factors that make Planet Habitable Not Enough of the Factor Too Much of the Factor Situation in the Solar System Just Right At about 125oC, protein and carbohydrate Low temperatures cause chemicals to react slowly, which interferes with the reactions necessary for life. It can also cause the freezing of water, making liquid water Surface: only the Life seems to be limited to a Earth's surface is in this temperature range. Sub surface: Temperature temperature range of molecules, and the -1Soc to 115oc. In influences how quickly atoms and molecules genetic material jeg the interior of the DNA and RNA) start to break apart. Alao, high temperatures cause the quick evaparation of water. Venus's atmosphere is 100times thicker this range, liquid water can still exist under certain conditions. solid planets and moons may be in this temperature range. move. unavailable e. Atmosphere Traps heat, shields the вurface from barmful radiation, and provides chemicals needed for lis such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Small planets and moons have Earth & Venus are the right size to hold a sufficient-sized than Earth's. It is atmosphere. Earth's atmosphere in about 100 miles thick. It keepe the surface an warm & protects it Of the solid planets & moons, only Earth, Venus, & Titan have significant atmospheres. Mars atmosphere is about 1/100ih that of Earth's, too small for significant insulation or shiekding. insufficient gravity to hold an atmosphere. The gas molecules escape to space, eaving the planet or moon without an from radiation & insulating blanket or a protective shield. made almost entirely of greenhouse gasses, making the surface too hot for life. The four giant planets are completely made of gas. small- to medium- sized meteorites. CATIONAL MEYCAUAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Senior High School Surface: Only Earth's surface has water, though Mars once had surface water and still has water ice in its polar ice caps. Saturn's moon, Titan, seems to be covered with liquid methane. The chemicals a cell needs for energy & growth are not dissolved or transported to Water Dinsolves & Too much water is Water is regularly available. Life can go not a problem, an dormant between wet long as it is not so periods, but, eventually, water needs to be available. chemistry of life transports chemicals toxie that it interferes Sub-surface: Mars & within and to with the some moons and from a cell the cell bave deposits of underground ice, which might melt to produce water. Europa, has a vast ocrans beneath its outer shell if ice. Light energy is a problem if it makes a planet too hot or if there are too many harmful rays, such as Surface: The inner planets get too much sunlight for life. The outer planets get too little. Sub-surface: Most salid planets a moons have energy- rich chemicals. When there is too little sunlight or too Sew of the Energy Organisma use light or chemical energy to run their life With a steady input of either light or chemical energy, cells can run the chemical reactions necessary for life. chemicala that provide energy to cells, such as iron or sulfur, organisms die. ultraviolet. Too many energy-rich chemicals are not a processes. problem Without chemicala to make proteina a carbohydrates, arganisma cannot grow. Planets without systems to deliver nutrients to chemical makeup, so circulation system, its organisms le.. nutrients are such as the constant Surface: Earth has a water cycle, an atmosphere, and valcanoes to circulate nutrients. Too many nutrienta All solid planets & moons have the same problem. Howerver, general are not a too active a o. Venus, Titan, lo, and Mars have Nutrients Used to build and i a water cycle or volcanic activity) cannot support life. Also, when nutrients are spread so thin that chemicals required they are hard to obtain, such as on a gas planet, life cannot exist. nutrients and ways to circulate them to present. Those with a volcanism on water cycle or volcanie activity can transport and replenish the Jupiter's moon, lo, or organisma. Sub-surface: Any planet or moon with sub-surface water or molten rock can circulate get enough nutrients. and replenish nutrients for maintain an the chuming atmoapheres of the gas planets, interferes with an organism's ability to organis m's body. by living organisms. organisma Keep this in Mind Planets' Mass, Diameter and Density Mass is how much matter the object contains. It is different from weight (W) because an object's weight is dependent on its mass (m) and how strongly gravity (g) pulls on it (W - mg). Mass stays the same regardless the location and gravity but weight changes depending on the planet you are in (NASA, 2020). And this is why scientists often measure an object's mass rather than its weight.
Mans of th MEYCAUAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Senior High School Table 1: Venus, Earth & Mars Comparison (modified activity from Earth and Life Science Teaching Guide; definition of tems from https://nssde.gsfc.nasa.gou/planetaru/ factsheet/planetfact_notes.htmit mass) VENUS EARTH MARS Mass (10kg) Mass of the planet in septillion (1 followed by 24 eros kilegrams represents 4.87 5.97 0.642 mass of material under earth's gravity. Diameter (km) Diameter of the planet at the equator, the distance through the center of the planet from one point on the equator to the opposite side, 12,104 12,756 6,792 in kilometers. Density (kg/m) Avernge density mass divided by volumej of the whole planet (not including the atmospherej in kilograms 5,243 5,514 3,933 per cubic meter, Gravity (m/s) The gravitational acceleration on the surface 8.9 9.8 3.7 at the equator in meters per second squared. Escape Velocity (km/s) Initial velocity, in kilometers per second, needed at the surface to escape the body's gravitational pull, ignoring atmospherie drag. Surface Pressure 10.4 11.2 5 (bars) Atmospheric pressure (the weight of the atmosphere per 92 0.01 unit area) at the surface of the planet in bars. It is proportional to the mass of ar above the location. 77% N 95 % CO 2.7% N 96% Composition of Atmosphere Co. 21% O 3.5% N 1% Ar 1.6% Ar Major Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Mean Temperature (C) Average temperature ever the whole planet's surface in CO2 Co, H,0 со. Co2 464 15 -65 degrees Celaiua. Temperature if no GHG -46 -18 -57 This would be the temperature of the planet 4 ATONAL MEYCAUAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Senior High School without the warming efect of greenhouse gases. Change in Temperature (C) due to GHG A planet's temperature is a + 523 + 33 + 10 function ef distance from the Sun but is modified by the amount of greenhouse warming. Distance from Sun (104 km) Average distance from the planet to the Sun in milions 108.2 149.6 227.9 of kilometers. Orbital Period (days) 224.7 365.2 687 Time in Earth days for a planet to orbi the Sun Orbital Velocity (km/s) Avernge velocity or speed of the planet as it erbite the Sun, in kilometers per 35 29.8 24.1 second. Length of Day (hours) Average time in hours er the Sun to move from the noon position in the sky at a peint on the equator back to the same position. Global Magnetic Field 2,802 24 24.7 Tells whether the planet has a measurable large scole No Yes No magnetie field Table 2: Factors that Make a Planet Habitable
Transcribed Image Text:Mans of th MEYCAUAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Senior High School Table 1: Venus, Earth & Mars Comparison (modified activity from Earth and Life Science Teaching Guide; definition of tems from https://nssde.gsfc.nasa.gou/planetaru/ factsheet/planetfact_notes.htmit mass) VENUS EARTH MARS Mass (10kg) Mass of the planet in septillion (1 followed by 24 eros kilegrams represents 4.87 5.97 0.642 mass of material under earth's gravity. Diameter (km) Diameter of the planet at the equator, the distance through the center of the planet from one point on the equator to the opposite side, 12,104 12,756 6,792 in kilometers. Density (kg/m) Avernge density mass divided by volumej of the whole planet (not including the atmospherej in kilograms 5,243 5,514 3,933 per cubic meter, Gravity (m/s) The gravitational acceleration on the surface 8.9 9.8 3.7 at the equator in meters per second squared. Escape Velocity (km/s) Initial velocity, in kilometers per second, needed at the surface to escape the body's gravitational pull, ignoring atmospherie drag. Surface Pressure 10.4 11.2 5 (bars) Atmospheric pressure (the weight of the atmosphere per 92 0.01 unit area) at the surface of the planet in bars. It is proportional to the mass of ar above the location. 77% N 95 % CO 2.7% N 96% Composition of Atmosphere Co. 21% O 3.5% N 1% Ar 1.6% Ar Major Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Mean Temperature (C) Average temperature ever the whole planet's surface in CO2 Co, H,0 со. Co2 464 15 -65 degrees Celaiua. Temperature if no GHG -46 -18 -57 This would be the temperature of the planet 4 ATONAL MEYCAUAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Senior High School without the warming efect of greenhouse gases. Change in Temperature (C) due to GHG A planet's temperature is a + 523 + 33 + 10 function ef distance from the Sun but is modified by the amount of greenhouse warming. Distance from Sun (104 km) Average distance from the planet to the Sun in milions 108.2 149.6 227.9 of kilometers. Orbital Period (days) 224.7 365.2 687 Time in Earth days for a planet to orbi the Sun Orbital Velocity (km/s) Avernge velocity or speed of the planet as it erbite the Sun, in kilometers per 35 29.8 24.1 second. Length of Day (hours) Average time in hours er the Sun to move from the noon position in the sky at a peint on the equator back to the same position. Global Magnetic Field 2,802 24 24.7 Tells whether the planet has a measurable large scole No Yes No magnetie field Table 2: Factors that Make a Planet Habitable
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