Adding nodes to or removing nodes from a linked chain requires a special case when the operation is at the beginning of the chain. To eliminate the special case, you can add a dummy node at the beginning of the chain. The dummy node (In a chain of linked nodes, a first node that is not used for data but is always present. The first data value is actually in the second node.) is always present but does not contain a list entry. The chain, then, is never empty, and so the head reference is never null, even when the list is empty. Modify the class LList, as presented in this chapter, by adding a dummy node to the chain. Java program

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A: Answer :

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A:

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Hash Table

A hash table also called a hash map, is a data structure that maps key-value pairs. The hash table can be used in complex systems to provide fast access and compact storage. A hash table is a structure that stores data in an abstract data type kind of associative array. It keeps data in an array format, with a distinct index value for every data value. If the index of the required data is known, then the data can be accessed very easily.