After flowing over the spillway of a dam, 250 m3/s of water passes over a rectangular level apron (So = 0; n = 0.025). The velocity of water at the bottom of the spillway was measured to be 12.8 m/s. The width of the apron is 50 m and the depth of flow just after the apron is 3 m. Conditions are such that a hydraulic jump would occur. Find the length of the apron if the jump is to be contained within it. Determine also the energy lost in the entire length of apron.

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Highway Drainage

Highway drainage is the process of extracting and regulating the excess surface water on the pavement by giving the desired slope. The construction of a highway drain helps to divert the water present on the surface, and sub-grade by the means of slope. Highway drainage systems are a necessary part of smooth functioning of traffic, since the highway drainage systems provide proper disposal of unwanted substances from the highways.