Algae are autotrophs and can have photosynthesis, however, evolutionary evidence suggests that plants shared a common ancestor with only green algae and are closest relatives of Charophytes. What evidences support this statement? How an algal cell is different from fungal cells, even if both are eukaryotes? Why slime mold is a protist not a fungus even if it does not have chloroplast?

Algae are autotrophs and can have photosynthesis, however, evolutionary evidence suggests that plants shared a common ancestor with only green algae and are closest relatives of Charophytes. What evidences support this statement? How an algal cell is different from fungal cells, even if both are eukaryotes? Why slime mold is a protist not a fungus even if it does not have chloroplast?

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter29: The Fungi

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14TYU

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Lichens are said to be composite organisms made up of two very different types of organisms: usually a fungus and an alga (or in a few lichens, a fungus and a Cyanobacterium). (Alga is the singular of algae.) How do these two types of organisms work together to become a functional composite organism? That is, what does each organism provides to the relationship to make it successful? Think about a lichen living on the face of a rock.
We know fungi are eukaryotic (have membrane-bound nucleus and organelles). Explain three unique ways fungi are different from other microbes (algae, protozoans, bacteria and archaea). Compare things like cell walls, cell membranes, morphology, reproduction, life cycles. (Words to use in your answer include chitin, cellulose, peptidoglycan, pseudopeptidoglycan, ergosterol, hopanoids, cholesterol,mycelium, hyphae, multinucleate, multicellular, unicellular, nutritional needs, environmental needs, chemoheterotrophy, saprobes, parasites, free-living, reproductive strategies, spores).
Fungi and animals are both part of a group called Opisthokonta. The vast majority of fungi are multicellular. However, their sister taxon consists of unicellular species. Animals also are multicellular and their closest relatives are again unicellular. Briefly describe the two hypotheses that could explain the origin of multicellularity in the Opisthokonta, and then explain which of the two is the more likely hypothesis
Some non-plant organisms like the protist that spreads malaria contain a non-photosynthetic chloroplast called an apicoplast. Crazy! What best explains how protists have evolved apicoplasts?
Which of the following structures in chlorarachniophytes provides evidence that they evolved through the endosymbiosis of a green alga by a heterotrophic eukaryote? A. food vacuole B. nucleomorph C. mitosomes D. flagella
Describe the morphology of oomycetes.  Which protists are known for their cytoplasmic streaming movement?  Which protists occasionally resemble tiny snails? What are the shells made of?  Which group of protists have elaborate exteriors of glassy silica and are very common in the fossil record?  What supergroup do land plants share a common ancestor with?  What protists are common in tropical waters and are generally called “seaweeds?”  Which of the algaes are the furthest living relatives to land plants?  Which algaes are the closest living relatives to land plants?  Which protists move using tube-like pseudopodia?  Which protist group exhibits similarities to fungi as a result of convergent evolution?  Which protist group takes on a slug form when nutrients are hard to come by?  What protist group do animals share a common ancestor with?  What are the choanoflagellates are believed to resemble?  Which group contains at least one type of human parasite? Ecology of…
EVOLUTION CONNECTION The fungus-alga symbiosis thatmakes up a lichen is thought to have evolved multiple timesindependently in different fungal groups. However, lichensfall into three well-defined growth forms (see Figure 31.22).How could you test the following hypotheses? Hypothesis 1:Crustose, foliose, and fruticose lichens each represent amonophyletic group. Hypothesis 2: Each lichen growthform represents convergent evolution by taxonomicallydiverse fungi.
Dinoflagellates are unicellular, marine protists. Dinoflagellates are bioluminescent, but only at night. During the day, they carry out photosynthesis similar to other autotrophs. At night, however, they bioluminesce every time they are disturbed. They are often seen in the wakes of ships at night. While the reason for this bioluminescence is not fully understood, many scientists concur that it is a form of self-defense. If small fish begin to feed upon the protists, the protists will begin to bioluminesce. These flashes of light in the dark water can alert larger fish and draw them towards the small fish, upon which they prey. By making the small fish vulnerable, the dinoflagellates are able to protect themselves. Based on the information above, a researcher decides to design an experiment in which she is testing how long it takes for dinoflagellates to recover after different amounts of disturbance. She maintains 10 containers of dinoflagellates with similar temperature, salinity and…
Dinoflagellates are unicellular, marine protists. Dinoflagellates are bioluminescent, but only at night. During the day, they carry out photosynthesis similar to other autotrophs. At night, however, they bioluminesce every time they are disturbed. They are often seen in the wakes of ships at night. While the reason for this bioluminescence is not fully understood, many scientists concur that it is a form of self-defense. If small fish begin to feed upon the protists, the protists will begin to bioluminesce. These flashes of light in the dark water can alert larger fish and draw them towards the small fish, upon which they prey. By making the small fish vulnerable, the dinoflagellates are able to protect themselves. Based on the information above, a researcher decides to design an experiment in which she is testing how long it takes for dinoflagellates to recover after different amounts of disturbance. She maintains 10 containers of dinoflagellates with similar temperature, salinity and…
A) A major difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells Group of answer choices exhibit little if any compartmentalization of function are generally smaller than prokaryotic cells have a large degree of internal organization lack organelles have little if any internal organization B) Which of the following statements about protists is false? Group of answer choices Some protists are mixotrophic Certain protists share a common ancestor with land plants Some protists are photosynthetic prokaryotes which are similar to the ancestral chloroplast Protists are a polyphyletic group of organisms that often bear little resemblance to each other Although most protists are unicellular, some protists are multicellular as well
Is protist dna in a nucleus unicellular or multicellular?According to the phylogeny presented in this chapter which protists are in the same eukaryotic supergroup as plants a) green algae b) dinoflagellates c) red algaed both a and c in a lifecycle with alternation of generations multicellular haploid forms alternate with a unicellular haploid forms b unicellular diploid formsc multicellular haploid forms d) multicellular diploid forms
Some protist lineages arose from secondary endosymbiosis. Howmany membranes would surround the chloroplasts of theseorganisms?a. 0 c. 2b. 1 d. 3 or more