Align the sequences below so as to maximize their similarity. What is the minimum number of evolutionary steps that separate these two sequences? TTGCAAAC TGAAACTG

Q: 2. Two sequences are said to be homologous if: A. they have diverged from a common ancestor. B.…

A: Homologous sequence is derived from the word “homo” which means same and “logous” which makes…

Q: To what extent does gene sequencing alter the evolutionary perspective of scientists when it comes…

A: Evolutionary studies provide an insight into how cells and genes function and how organisms adapt to…

Q: DNA-DNA hybridization studies in the 1960s demonstrated that common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes),…

A: Note: We’ll answer the first question since the exact one wasn’t specified. Please submit a new…

Q: Which molecular systems can be/have been engineered by molecular programming? Write the logic behind…

A: The   molecular programming as offering new ideas and approaches to major problems in biology ,…

Q: Outline the different rates of evolution that are typically seen in different parts of a…

A: There are certain sites within a protein-encoding gene that are conserved more than the other sites.…

Q: Which would you expect to exhibit a faster rate of evolutionary change, the nucleotide sequence of a…

A: Microevolution is defined as the change in allele frequencies, which occurs over time within a…

Q: If a sequence from another species showed a 96 percent sequence similarity to humans, would that…

A: Introduction  DNA and RNA are the main genetic material found in all the species irrespective of…

Q: When comparing evolutionary similarities between different genes within a gene family, it is usually…

A: Genes are the basic units of inheritance in living organisms. They are passed down from parents to…

Q: How do the following genomic features of prokaryotic organisms compare with those of eukaryotic…

A: Cells are the fundamental units of life. All living organisms are made up of one or many cells. The…

Q: What event contradicts the central dogma of molecular biology

A: The central dogma illustrates the information of genetic flow from DNA to RNA. According to the…

Q: Besides the reasons listed in this feature,what other reasons would make the peaplant a better…

A: reasons would make the pea plant a better object for genetic study than humans are :

Q: the study of whole sets of genes and their interactions | Choose the application of computational…

A: Answer :  1) the study of whole sets of genes and their interactions - genomics.  2) the application…

Q: The table below shows short DNA sequences from a gene in a closely related group of dragons, as well…

A: We have a group of seven closely related dragon species with homologous gene sequences. These are…

Q: What is an advantage of using mtDNA instead of nuclear DNA intracing evolution?

A: Nuclear DNA is present within the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms. It encodes a major part of the…

Q: Would you expect the genome of the macaque(a monkey) to be more like that of a mouse or thatof a…

A: The genome is the complete set of genes in the DNA of an organism. DNA sequence carries the coding…

Q: Compare and contrast linkage analysis and genome-wide association studies. How are they similar? How…

A: Genetics is the branch of biology that deals with the study of genes, genetic variation, and…

Q: Explain how the number of amino acid differences between homologous proteins can be used to…

A: A phylogenetic tree represents the evolutionary relations between the organisms. It also helps to…

Q: When comparing evolutionary similarities between different genes within a gene family, it is usually…

A: As we know DNA is the basic Hereditary molecule and encodes the genes that have all information.…

Q: List three reasons why rRNA genes are suitable for phylogeneticanalyses.

A: RNA (ribonucleic acid) is also a type of nucleic acid like DNA but has few structural and functional…

Q: t are molecular scissors? Explain their role.

A: Modern biotechnology is based on genetic engineering, which is a technique for changing the…

Q: Based on the information above, what can you speculate about the possible evolution of the genes…

A: Rab proteins are small GTP-binding proteins within a superfamily of GTPases known as the Ras…

Q: what is ecDNA? What is its role in cancer? Give appropriate references to support.

A: DNA is Deoxyribonucleic Acid, it found in almost all the living cells. Sometimes some of DNA are…

Q: Carl Woese discovered that genes encoded for rRNAs are good candidates for phylogenetic analysis.…

A: rRNA It is ribosomal RNA. It is a molecule found in cells that is part of the ribosome, a…

Q: Mammals 10-8 Plants -Invertebrates Bacteria 10-9 Unicellular eukaryotes 10-10 `Archaean 107 108 109…

A: As we have saw in the given graph that bacteria and plants tend to have the much more mutation rate…

Q: How similarity between gene sequences can be used to infer function ?

A: Gene is considered  a basic unit of heredity. It contains the codes in the form of nucleotides for…

Q: . Suppose that you wanted to make a genomic library to determine the complete sequence of anewly…

A: Construction of a genomic library is made possible by gene cloning which is a part of DNA…

Q: Compare and contrast the sizes of different species’ genomes.

A: Genome is the total DNA contained in an organism. Genome contains information to maintain and build…

Q: Can you answer those questions?

A: a.)differences between DNA barcoding wrt traditional taxonomy based on their advantages and…

Q: explain the methods of how we could clone wooly mammoths

A: Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals either naturally or…

Q: Count the instances where there is any difference in the amino acid in the alignment of the six…

A: Hello. Since you have posted multiple questions and not specified which question needs to be solved,…

Q: Paralogous genes are shown in the Phylogenetic Tree. This distance corresponds to 1 percent…

A: Genes can be orthologous or paralogous.

Q: What does the number of differences in rRNA sequences between two species represent?

A: Introduction Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Is A Molecule Found In Cells That Is Part Of The Ribosome, A…

Q: Carl Woese has recognized that genes encoding rRNAs are excellent candidates for phylogenetic…

A: Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA which is  the primary component of ribosomes which…

Q: What is maximum likelihood (ML) in phylogenetics? The probability of the model of sequence evolution…

A: Answer : Option A is correct : The probability of the model of sequence evolution given the tree,…

Q: Discuss why it is useful to search a database to identify sequencesthat are homologous to a newly…

A: The most basic operations in bioinformatics involves searching for similarities, or homologies,…

Q: Suppose that the sequences of two proteins each consisting of 200 amino acids are aligned and that…

A: Amino acids : It are organic compounds that combine to form proteins. It and proteins are the…

Q: What are transposable elements ? Explain how they contribute to the evolution of genomes

A: Introduction: In biology, evolution refers to the change in a species' features over numerous…

Q: How much of the human genomesequence is functional, and why is theremainder retained?

A: In any organism, the genome is the whole set of DNA (haploid set of chromosomes) present in them. It…

Q: What are three reasons that functional traits might notcorrespond with distinct phylogenetic groups…

A: The 16SrRNA sequences are used for the bacterial identification which are the small subunits of…

Q: A group of many very similar genes in one genome, like the globin genes for example, that arose by…

A: A gene family is a set of several similar genes that are formed by duplication of a orginal gene and…

Q: Give and explain two reasons for the importance of adding a woody plant to the list of completed…

A: Woody plants are important components of the global ecosystem; they play an important role in…

Q: Amino acid sequences can be compared to determine relationships between species. When comparing the…

A: Evolution (in Latin word, e=From ; volvere= to roll) meaning the unfolding and unrolling act of a…

Q: If you are to compare the genetic sequences between monkeys and fungi, what molecular sequence are…

A: According to researchers who analysed ribosomal RNA sequences, fungi are genetically closer to…

Q: Compare the nucleotide-pair sequences of genomic DNA clones and CDNA clones of specific genes of…

A: The main difference between genomic DNA and cDNA is that cDNA represents the transcriptome of a…

Q: When comparing evolutionary similarities between different genes within a gene family, it is usually…

A: DNA is a basic hereditary molecule that carries information related to the person.

Q: Describe two things that you can learn by searching a computerized database for sequences that have…

A: DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms. DNA is double stranded and the strands are…

Q: Humans carry a variety of non-functional genetic sequences, called processed pseudogenes, in their…

A: Pseudogenes are non-functional genes that used to be functional one and they lack introns and has a…

Q: What lines of reasoning support the hypothesis that the firstself-replicating systems were based on…

A: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is an essential biological macromolecule. It is present in each biological…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.