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- The energy exhaust from a certain coal-fired electric generating station is carried by cooling water into Lake Ontario. The water is warm from the viewpoint of living things in the lake. Some of them congregate around the outlet port and can impede the water flow. (a) Use the theory of heat engines to explain why this action can reduce the electric power output of the station. (b) An engineer says that the electric output is reduced because of higher back pressure on the turbine blades. Comment on the accuracy of this statement.A 5.0-kg piece of lead at a temperature of 600 is placed in a lake whose temperature is 15 . Determine the entropy change of (a) the lead piece, (b) the lake, and (c) the universe.In a solar water heater, energy from the Sun is gathered by water that circulates through tubes in a rooftop collector.The solar radiation enters the collector through a transparent cover and warms the water in the tubes; this water is pumped into a holding tank. Assume that the efficiency of the overall system is 20% (that is, 80% of the incident solar energy is lost from the system). What collector area is necessary to raise the temperature of 200 L of water in the tank from 20C to 40°C in 1.0 h when the intensity of incident sunlight is 700 W/m2?
- Solve correctly please. A kettle used to boil water, containing 1.0 L of water at 20° C, is placed on an electric heater (Q = 2.20 kW). Find out the time at which water begins to boil. (Gpt/Ai wrong answer not allowed)Thermal energy is being transferred through a 0.8 mm layer of human skin at a rate of 1.1 x 104 W/m2. The room temperature is 27 °C.Determine the thermal conductivity of the skin. note: if you think you need to have more information to solve this problem, you can make assumptions. Please state them clearly in your answer, if you need to make such assumptions.Our atmosphere provides us with some degree of shielding from cosmic radiation. Suppose shielding efficiency is approximately proportional to the shield material’s density. What depth of water will provide the same shielding as the Earth’s atmosphere? (Hint: the pressure at the surface of the Earth is 1 atm.)
- In Arizona, photovoltaic (PV) panels can generate an average annual power of 1 MW/acre. If there are 311 sunny days per year in Arizona, but only 160 sunny days per year in Pennsylvania, how much average power (in MW/acre) could the same PV panels generate in Pennsylvania? Please include two decimal places in your answer. Note: assume that a cloudy day delivers 0 watts/acre of solar power. This is not true, but it simplifies the problem for us.A "solar cooker" consists of a curved reflecting mirror that focuses sunlight onto the object to be heated (see the figure below). The solar power per unit area reaching the Earth at the location of a 0.50-m-diameter solar cooker is 600 W/m2. Assuming 50% of the incident energy is converted to thermal energy, how long would it take to boil away 0.9 L of water initially at 33°C? (Neglect the specific heat of the container.)At a certain location , the solar power per unit area reaching Earth’s surface is 200 W/m square , average over a 24 hours day. If the average power requirement in your home 4.0 KW you can covert solar power to electric power with 13% efficiency. How large a collector area will you need to meet all your household energy requirements from solar energy?
- A typical photovoltaic cell delivers 4.0 × 10-3 W of electric energy when illuminated with 1.2 × 10-1 W of light energy. What is the efficiency of the cell?sometimes the hot water produced by a solar water heater is not warm enough to mee the needs of the occupants of a building. A traditional water heater inside the building supplies additional thermal energy to the solar warmed water. How can this method still reduce the overalll amount of natural gas or electrical energy a building uses?Solve correctly please. A kettle used to boil water, containing 1.0 L of water at 20° C, is placed on an electric heater (Q = 2.20 kW). Find out the time at which water begins to boil. (Gpt/Ai wrong answer not allowed) Standard data can be used for water.