An analyst believes that the credit risk on a 5-year, 5% annual payment corporate bond can be expressed by a yearly probability of default of 4% and a recovery rate of 35%. Given that the government yield curve is flat at 2%, calculate the credit spread and credit valuation adjustment for the bond using Excel to complete the table below: Time 0 1 2 3 4 5 Exposure Recovery Loss given default POD POS Expected Loss DF PV of Expected Loss
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- Suppose there is a large probability that L will default on its debt. For the purpose of this example, assume that the value of Ls operations is 4 million (the value of its debt plus equity). Assume also that its debt consists of 1-year, zero coupon bonds with a face value of 2 million. Finally, assume that Ls volatility, , is 0.60 and that the risk-free rate rRF is 6%.What would be the value of the bond described in Part d if, just after it had been issued, the expected inflation rate rose by 3 percentage points, causing investors to require a 13% return? Would we now have a discount or a premium bond? What would happen to the bond’s value if inflation fell and rd declined to 7%? Would we now have a premium or a discount bond? What would happen to the value of the 10-year bond over time if the required rate of return remained at 13%? If it remained at 7%? (Hint: With a financial calculator, enter PMT, I/YR, FV, and N, and then change N to see what happens to the PV as the bond approaches maturity.)Suppose a 10-year, 10% semiannual coupon bond with a par value of 1,000 is currently selling for 1,135.90, producing a nominal yield to maturity of 8%. However, the bond can be called after 5 years for a price of 1,050. (1) What is the bonds nominal yield to call (YTC)? (2) If you bought this bond, do you think you would be more likely to earn the YTM or the YTC? Why?
- Assume that the credit risk on a 5 year6 percent annual coupon corporate bond is represented by a 1.5 percent annual probability of default and a recovery rate of 25 percent. Assume that the government yield curve is flat at 2.5 percent. Calculate both the credit spread and credit valuation adjustment for the bond. INCLUDE DETAILED CALCULATION***Wyatt Oil has a bond issue outstanding with seven years to maturity, a yield to maturity of 7.0%, and a BBB rating. The bondholders' expected loss rate in the event of default is 70%. You are also given the following information for corporate bonds. Assuming the economy is in recession, then the expected return on Wyatt Oil's debt is closest to: A. 3.5% B. 4.9% C. 5.5% D. 7.0%A fixed income analyst has made the following assessments: The risk-free rate is expected to remain at 2.5% for the next 10 year. Inflation is expected to be 3% this year, 4% next year and 5% a year thereafter. The maturity risk-premium is 0.1% (t-1), where t= maturity of the bond. A 5-year corporate bond currently yield 8.5 percent. What will be the yield on the bond one year from now, if the above assessments are correct, and the bond's default premium and liquidity premium remain unchanged?
- he real risk-free rate (r*) is 2.8% and is expected to remain constant. Inflation is expected to be 3% per year for each of the next four years and 2% thereafter. The maturity risk premium (MRP) is determined from the formula: 0.1(t – 1)%, where t is the security’s maturity. The liquidity premium (LP) on all Dare Satellite Corp.’s bonds is 1.05%. The following table shows the current relationship between bond ratings and default risk premiums (DRP): Rating Default Risk Premium U.S. Treasury — AAA 0.60% AA 0.80% A 1.05% BBB 1.45% 1. Dare Satellite Corp. issues 12-year, AA-rated bonds. What is the yield on one of these bonds? Disregard cross-product terms; that is, if averaging is required, use the arithmetic average. A. 6.98% B. 5.75% C. 8.08% D. 7.03% 2. Based on your understanding of the determinants of interest rates, if everything else remains the same, which of the following will be true? A. An AAA-rated bond…Suppose the real risk-free rate is 2.80%, the average future inflation rate is 2.30%, a maturity premium of 0.25% per year to maturity applies, i.e., MRP = 0.25%(t), where t is the number of years to maturity. Suppose also that a liquidity premium of 0.50% and a default risk premium of 2.50% applies to A-rated corporate bonds. What is the difference in the yields on a 5-year A-rated corporate bond and on a 10-year Treasury bond? Here we assume that the pure expectations theory is NOT valid, and disregard any cross-product terms, i.e., if averaging is required, use the arithmetic average. a. 4.25 p.p. b. 2.25 p.p. c. 4.19 p.p. d. 3.00 p.p. e. 1.75 p.p. Please explain process and show calculationsAssume the following: The real risk-free rate, r*, is expected to remain constant at 3%. Inflation is expected to be 3% next year and then to be constant at 2% a year thereafter. The maturity risk premium is zero. Given this information, which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. A 5-year corporate bond must have a lower yield than a 7-year Treasury security. b. The yield curve for U.S. Treasury securities will be upward sloping. c. A 5-year corporate bond must have a lower yield than a 5-year Treasury security. d. The real risk-free rate cannot be constant if inflation is not expected to remain constant. e. This problem assumed a zero maturity risk premium, but that is probably not valid in the real world.
- The real risk-free rate (r*) is 2.8% and is expected to remain constant. Inflation is expected to be 7% per year for each of the next four years and 6% thereafter. The maturity risk premium (MRP) is determined from the formula: 0.1(t – 1)%, where t is the security’s maturity. The liquidity premium (LP) on all Harrington Horticulture Co.’s bonds is 1.05%. The following table shows the current relationship between bond ratings and default risk premiums (DRP): Rating Default Risk Premium U.S. Treasury — AAA 0.60% AA 0.80% A 1.05% BBB 1.45% Harrington Horticulture Co. issues seven-year, AA-rated bonds. What is the yield on one of these bonds? Disregard cross-product terms; that is, if averaging is required, use the arithmetic average. A.) 10.77% B.) 11.22% C.) 11.82% D.) 5.25% Based on your understanding of the determinants of interest rates, if everything else remains the same, which of the following will be true? A.) The yield on an AAA-rated bond will be higher than the yield on a…The real risk-free rate (r*) is 2.8% and is expected to remain constant. Inflation is expected to be 8% per year for each of the next four years and 7% thereafter. The maturity risk premium (MRP) is determined from the formula: 0.1(t – 1)%, where t is the security’s maturity. The liquidity premium (LP) on all Pellegrini Southern Inc.’s bonds is 0.55%. The following table shows the current relationship between bond ratings and default risk premiums (DRP): Rating Default Risk Premium U.S. Treasury — AAA 0.60% AA 0.80% A 1.05% BBB 1.45% Pellegrini Southern Inc. issues fifteen-year, AA-rated bonds. What is the yield on one of these bonds? Disregard cross-product terms; that is, if averaging is required, use the arithmetic average. 11.42% 12.82% 12.27% 5.55% Based on your understanding of the determinants of interest rates, if everything else remains the same, which of the following will be true? Higher inflation expectations…The real risk-free rate (r*) is 2.8% and is expected to remain constant. Inflation is expected to be 4% per year for each of the next two years and 3% thereafter. The maturity risk premium (MRP) is determined from the formula: 0.1(t – 1)%, where t is the security’s maturity. The liquidity premium (LP) on all Smith and Carter Inc.’s bonds is 0.55%. The following table shows the current relationship between bond ratings and default risk premiums (DRP): Rating Default Risk Premium U.S. Treasury — AAA 0.60% AA 0.80% A 1.05% BBB 1.45% Smith and Carter Inc. issues 10-year, AA-rated bonds. What is the yield on one of these bonds? Disregard cross-product terms; that is, if averaging is required, use the arithmetic average. 7.35% 7.70% 8.25% 5.05% Based on your understanding of the determinants of interest rates, if everything else remains the same, which of the following will be true? The yield on a AAA-rated bond will be higher…