An electric power transmission pole is 12 m above ground level and embedded 2 m into the ground. The butt diameter is 450 mm and the tip diameter (the top of the pole) is 320 mm. The weight of the pole, cross arms, and wires is 33 kN. Assuming the pole transmits the load as a point load, find the change in vertical stress in kPa at 2 m depth.

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Methods to Determine Vertical Stress

The load applied to the soil is transferred to the underground. The presence of water at soil pores and solid grains above the soil are the primary components that are responsible for the effective load transfer. Due to the load acting, the internal component of the soil or the underground formations undergoes deformations or a tectonic shift. The amount of deformation depends upon the amount of load acting on the soil surface, which indeed, depends on the weight of everything present above the soil. Due to this, the underground soil element develops internal stresses which try to resist the tectonic changes.