An electrical heater 100 mm long and 5 mm in diameter is inserted into a hole drilled normal to the surface of a large block of material having 4.12 a thermal conductivity of 5 W/m · K. Estimate the temperature reached by the heater when dissipating 50 W with the surface of the block at a temperature of 25°C.
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- 1.60 Two electric resistance heaters with a 20 cm length and a 2 cm diameter are inserted into a well-insulated 40-L tank of water that is initially at 300 K. If each heater dissipates 500 W, what is the time required for bringing the water temperature in the tank to 340 K? State your assumption for your analysis.3.10 A spherical shell satellite (3-m-OD, 1.25-cm-thick stainless steel walls) re-enters the atmosphere from outer space. If its original temperature is 38°C, the effective average temperature of the atmosphere is 1093°C, and the effective heat transfer coefficient is , estimate the temperature of the shell after reentry, assuming the time of reentry is 10 min and the interior of the shell is evacuated.3.16 A large, 2.54-cm.-thick copper plate is placed between two air streams. The heat transfer coefficient on one side is and on the other side is . If the temperature of both streams is suddenly changed from 38°C to 93°C, determine how long it takes for the copper plate to reach a temperature of 82°C.
- 2.38 The addition of aluminum fins has been suggested to increase the rate of heat dissipation from one side of an electronic device 1 m wide and 1 m tall. The fins are to be rectangular in cross section, 2.5 cm long and 0.25 cm thick, as shown in the figure. There are to be 100 fins per meter. The convection heat transfer coefficient, both for the wall and the fins, is estimated to be K. With this information determine the percent increase in the rate of heat transfer of the finned wall compared to the bare wall.A domestic refrigerator with inner dimensions of 0.7 m by 0.7 m at the base and height 1 m was designed to maintain a set temperature of 6 ˚C. The bodies consist of two 10-mm-thick layers of Aluminium (k = 225 W/mK) separated by a 30 mm polyurethane insulation (k=0.028 W/mK). If the average convection heat transfer coefficient at the inner and outer surfaces are 11.6 W/m2K and 14.5 W/m2K respectively, calculate: the outer surface temperature of the Aluminum in 0C to 2 decimal placesThe wall of a refrigerator is made of fiberglass insulation (k = 0.035 W/mK) glued between two 1 mm thick layers of metal plate (k = 15.1 W/mK). The refrigerated space is kept at 2°C, and the average heat transfer coefficients on the inner and outer wall surfaces are 4 W/m²K and 9 W/m²K, respectively. The average temperature in the kitchen is 24°C. It is observed that condensation occurs on the external surface of the refrigerator when the temperature of the external surface drops to 20°C. Determine the minimum thickness of fiberglass insulation that should be used on the wall to prevent condensation on the outside surface.
- In a food industry, pieces of meat with approximately 30 cm in diameter and 20 mm in thickness are stored in a industrial freezer and thawed by exposure to ambient air at 15°C with convective heat transfer coefficient equal to 10W/(m2.K). Consider a piece of meat that, when removed from the freezer, had a temperature of -12°C. For defrosting, the piece is hung on a "line", so that both larger surfaces are exposed to the ambient air. For frozen meat, the following properties can be assumed ρ=1090 kg/m3, cp=3.54 kJ/(kg.K), k=0.47 W/(m.K). Ask: (1) Indicating the control volume and the simplifications adopted, obtain the differential energy balance equation for the cooling the piece of meat and describe the conditions of outline and initial that apply to the process, justifying them; (2) Use the appropriate analytical solution to determine the time necessary for the complete defrosting of the part. The part is considered to be completely thawed when a minimum temperature of 5oC is reached…An uninsulated 100-mm diameter steam pipe runs for 25-meters inside a room whose walls and air are at a temperature of 25C .The superheated steam inside the pipe maintains the temperature at the pipe surface at 150C. If the natural convection heat transfer coefficient of the air outside the pipe is 10 W/(m^2)(k)and the surface emissivity is 0.8, compute for the total thermal resistance at the outside surface of the pipe in K/W.Calculate the quantity of heat conducted per minute through a duralumin circular disc 119mm diameter and 22.65mm thick when the temperature drop across the thickness of the plate is 9.3°F take the coefficient of thermal conductivity of duralumin as 150 W/m-K. Answer: 22.833 kJ/min
- 37. A long and slender shaft of diameter 2R and length L1 + L2 is insulated overlength L1 and produces heat only in this section while over length L2, it is exposedto a convection boundary (h, Tf). Write the governing differential equations andthe associated boundary conditions from which temperatures in sections L1 and L2can be obtained. Both ends may be treated as adiabatic surfaces.A spherical object with a temperature of 700 oC, made of carbon steel with a diameter of 3 cm, will be cooled to 370 oC by an air flow with a temperature of 35 oC and a heat convection coefficient of 90 W/m2K. Calculate the time (s) required to cool the body, ignoring the temperature gradient inside the body and making any other assumptions you deem necessary. The heat transmission coefficient of carbon steel can be 45 W/mK, its density is 7800 kg/m3 and its specific heat is 480 J/kgK.A domestic refrigerator with inner dimensions of 0.7 m by 0.7 m at the base and height 1 m was designed to maintain a set temperature of 6 ˚C. The bodies consist of two 10-mm-thick layers of Aluminium (k = 225 W/mK) separated by a 30 mm polyurethane insulation (k=0.028 W/mK). If the average convection heat transfer coefficient at the inner and outer surfaces are 11.6 W/m2K and 14.5 W/m2K respectively, calculate: The total inner surface area in m2 to 2 decimal places thermodynamics