An ion channel can be in either open or closed states. If it is open, then it has probability 0.1 of A¸ closing in 1 microsecond; if closed, it has probability 0.3 of opening in 1 microsecond. Suppose that initially 50% of ion channels are open and 50% are closed. What fraction is open after 1 microsecond? after 2 microseconds?

Algebra & Trigonometry with Analytic Geometry
13th Edition
ISBN:9781133382119
Author:Swokowski
Publisher:Swokowski
Chapter10: Sequences, Series, And Probability
Section10.8: Probability
Problem 32E
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6. An ion channel can be in either open or closed states. If it is open, then it has probability 0.1 of
5A, closing in 1 microsecond; if closed, it has probability 0.3 of opening in 1 microsecond. Suppose that
initially 50% of ion channels are open and 50% are closed. What fraction is open after 1
microsecond? after 2 microseconds?
An individual can be either susceptible or infected, the probability of infection for a susceptible
5B
person is 0.05 per day, and the probability an infected person becoming susceptible is 0.12 per day.
Suppose that initially the population is 90% susceptible and 10% infected. What fraction is
susceptible after 1 day? after 2 days?
The genotype of an organism can be either normal (wild type) or mutant. Each generation, a wild
5C'ype individual has probability 0.03 of having a mutant offspring, and a mutant has probability 0.005
of having a wild type offspring. Suppose that initially 0.9 of the population is wild type and 0.1 is
mutant. What fraction of the population is wild type after 1 generation? After 2 generations?
-. The NACHR ion channel can be in one of three states: resting (R), closed with Ach bound (C), and
open (0) with transition probabilities (per one microsecond): 0.04 (from R to C), 0.07 (from C to R),
5D 0.12 (from C to O) and 0.02 (from O to C); the other transition probabilities are 0. Suppose that
initially 3/4 of ion channels are in R and 1/4 are in C. What fraction of the ion channels is open after
1 microsecond? After 2 microseconds?
There are three kinds of vegetation in an ecosystem: grass, shrubs, and trees. Every year, 25% of
grassland plots are converted to shrubs, 20% of shrub plots are converted to trees, 8% of trees are
5E
onverted to shrubs, and 1% of trees are converted to grass; the other transition probabilities are 0.
Suppose that initially the ecosystem is evenly split: 1/3 grass, 1/3 shrubs and 1/3 trees. What
fraction of ecosystem is covered in shrubs after 1 year? after 2 years?
Transcribed Image Text:6. An ion channel can be in either open or closed states. If it is open, then it has probability 0.1 of 5A, closing in 1 microsecond; if closed, it has probability 0.3 of opening in 1 microsecond. Suppose that initially 50% of ion channels are open and 50% are closed. What fraction is open after 1 microsecond? after 2 microseconds? An individual can be either susceptible or infected, the probability of infection for a susceptible 5B person is 0.05 per day, and the probability an infected person becoming susceptible is 0.12 per day. Suppose that initially the population is 90% susceptible and 10% infected. What fraction is susceptible after 1 day? after 2 days? The genotype of an organism can be either normal (wild type) or mutant. Each generation, a wild 5C'ype individual has probability 0.03 of having a mutant offspring, and a mutant has probability 0.005 of having a wild type offspring. Suppose that initially 0.9 of the population is wild type and 0.1 is mutant. What fraction of the population is wild type after 1 generation? After 2 generations? -. The NACHR ion channel can be in one of three states: resting (R), closed with Ach bound (C), and open (0) with transition probabilities (per one microsecond): 0.04 (from R to C), 0.07 (from C to R), 5D 0.12 (from C to O) and 0.02 (from O to C); the other transition probabilities are 0. Suppose that initially 3/4 of ion channels are in R and 1/4 are in C. What fraction of the ion channels is open after 1 microsecond? After 2 microseconds? There are three kinds of vegetation in an ecosystem: grass, shrubs, and trees. Every year, 25% of grassland plots are converted to shrubs, 20% of shrub plots are converted to trees, 8% of trees are 5E onverted to shrubs, and 1% of trees are converted to grass; the other transition probabilities are 0. Suppose that initially the ecosystem is evenly split: 1/3 grass, 1/3 shrubs and 1/3 trees. What fraction of ecosystem is covered in shrubs after 1 year? after 2 years?
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