As part of its expansionary fiscal measures, the government of South Africa through its finance minister has increased its budget expenditure to over R2.2 trillion for 2023 fiscal year. Assume all other things remain the same, which of the following is likely to happen in the short run? a) Consumption and investment increase in the short run. b) Consumption does not change, but investment increases less than government spending c) Consumption increases but investment decreases in the short run. d) Output increases by the amount that government spending increases.
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- . Suppose an economy is represented by the following equations.Consumption function C = 100 + 0.8YdPlanned investment I = 38Government spending G = 75Exports EX = 25Imports IM = 0.05YdAutonomous Taxes T = 40Planned aggregate expenditure AE = C + I + G + (EX - IM)a. By using the above information calculate the equilibrium level of income for thiseconomy. b. Calculate the value of expenditure multiplier. c. Suppose that government spending is increased by 5, what will happen to theequilibrium income level?Suppose that due ot a fiscal stimulus, there is an increase in disposable incomes of $100 billion in the first round. Then, $33 billion was spent in consumption from this initial change of the disposable incomes. Following the same marginal propensity to consume, how much is the change in consumption spending in the next round from the $33 billion?O Macmillan Learning The graph shows the income-expenditure model for the country of Desireland, where AE represents aggregate expenditure. The Desirish government wants to stimulate the economy owing to a slowdown in economic activity and, as such, decides to increase infrastructure spending by $7.65 billion. Show the impact of this extra spending given a marginal propensity to consume (MPC) of 0.7 and a total tax take of 30%, for any changes in GDP. In this example, assume that there is no international trade or inflation, and that interest rates are fixed. Planned aggregate spending (in billions of dollars) 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 01- 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Real GDP (in billions of dollars) 45 degree line A new socialist government is elected to Desireland and decides to increase direct spending even more, to total of $9.7 billion. What will be the total change in real GDP? Please provide the answer to the nearest whole billion. Planned AE 55 60 65 70…
- The cost of rebuilding the Philippines after typhoon Haiyan could reach USD 5.8bn”, a senior official has said. Assume the government of Australia Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade provided a grant of USD 5.8 billion. Also assume that despite the hardships the Philippine families experienced, 15% was the beneficiary savings from the Australian grant. Further, assume all other factors remain constant.a. Calculate the total effect of the spending multiplier of the Australian government grant on the Philippine economy GDP growth. b. Examine the overall multiplier effect of the USD5.8 billion grant on the Philippine economy. Answer asap n correctly with proper typed explanation23) If the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.8 and if government spending (G) rises by $50 while investment (1) falls by $20, by how much will equilibrium income rise? (Jika kecenderungan mengguna sut (MPC) adalah 0.8 dan jika perbelanjaan kerajaan (G) meningkat sebanyak $50 manakala pelaburan (1) jatuh $20, berapakah kenaikan pendapatan keseimbangan meningkat?) $12 $30 O $120 $150Why will a temporary tax increase be insignificant in reducing consumption expenditures by the amount expected a) Because people viewed the tax increase as permanent. b) Because people chose to increase their saving. c) Because people viewed the tax increase as temporary. d) consumption expenditures are not related to the level of taxation.
- If the marginal propensity to consume is 0.75, byhow much would government spending have to rise toincrease output by $1,000 billion? By how muchwould taxes need to decrease to increase output by$1,000 billion?1.a Suppose the country of Freelandia has an MPC of .85 and a real GDP of $200 billion. If its investment spending decreases by $3 billion, what will be its new level of real GDP?The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this econamy is . and the spending multiplier for this economy is Suppose the govemment in this economy decides to decrease govemment purchases by $250 bilion. The decrease in government purchases will lead to a decrease in income, generating an initial change in consumption equal to second change in consumption equal to This decreases income yet again, causing a The total change in demand resulting from the initial change in government spending is The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD ) for this economy before the change in govemment spending. Use the green line (trangie symbol) to plot the new aggregate demand curve (AD:) after the multiplier effect takes place. For simplioity, assume that there is no "crowding out." Hint: Be sure that the new aggregate demand curve (AD) is paralel to the initial aggregate demand curve (AD). You can see the slope of AD by selecting t on the graph. 540 AD. AD, 130 100 OUTPUT (Tions of…
- Which of the following fiscal policies cause a decrease in aggregate expenditures? O A. An increase in transfer payments and an increase in government spending. О В. An increase in transfer payments and a decrease in taxes. A decrease in taxes and an increase in government spending. D. An increase in taxes and a decrease in government spending.The Life-Cycle/Permanent Income Model of Consumption makes a different prediction from the Keynesian Model, about how Consumption reacts to an increase in current income. Which of the following is the best description of the difference? O In the Keynesian Model, consumers will increasktheir spending by the mpc times the increase in income. In the Life-Cycle/Permanent Income Model, consumers will not increase their spending by much unless they believe that the increase in their income is permanent. O In the Life-Cycle/Permanent Income Model, consumers will increase their spending by the mpc times the increase in income. In the Keynesian Model, consumers will only increase their spending if they believe that the increase in their income is temporary. O In the Keynesian Model, consumers will increase their spending by the mpc times the increase in income. In the Life-Cycle/Permanent Income Model, consumers will only increase their spending if they believe that the increase in their income…Assume that a nation's marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.75. A highiy productive, cost-cutting technology is developed for the production of commercial airplanes. The total industry expenditure in this nation is $100 million for the immediate acquisition and adoption of this technology. (a) For this nation, identify and explain how much this spending on new technology will change each of the following in the first round: i. Income (GDP) L. Saving i. Consumption (b) Assuming a closed economy and no leakages, identify and explain how much this spending on new technology will change each of the following at the end of the final round: i. Income (GDP) ii. Saving li. Consumption